Rho kinase inhibitors

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to inhibitors of ROCK1 and/or ROCK2. Also provided are methods of treating diseases and disorders involving inhibiting ROCK1 and/or ROCK2.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Application No. 61/710,373, filed Oct. 5, 2012, and U.S. Application No. 61/840,288, filed Jun. 27, 2013, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to inhibitors of ROCK1 and/or ROCK2. Also provided are methods of inhibiting ROCK1 and/or ROCK2 that are useful for the treatment of disease.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) is a key intracellular regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics and cell motility. Rho-kinase regulates a number of downstream targets of RhoA through phosphorylation, including, for example, myosin light chain, the myosin light chain phosphatase binding subunit and LIM-kinase 2. These substrates regulate actin filament organization and contractility. In smooth muscle cells Rho-kinase mediates calcium sensitization and smooth muscle contraction. Inhibition of Rho-kinase blocks 5-HT and phenylephrine agonist induced muscle contraction. When introduced into non-smooth muscle cells, Rho kinase induces stress fiber formation and is required for the cellular transformation mediated by RhoA. Rho kinase participates in a variety of cellular processes, including but not limited to cell adhesion, cell motility and migration, growth control, cell contraction, and cytokinesis. Rho kinase is also involved in Na/H exchange transport system activation, stress fiber formation, adducin activation, and physiological processes such as vasoconstriction, bronchial smooth muscle constriction, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell proliferation, platelet aggregation, and others.

Inhibition of Rho-kinase activity in animal models has demonstrated a number of benefits of Rho-kinase inhibition for the treatment of human diseases. These include models of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, ocular hypertension, cerebral ischemia, cerebral vasospasm, penile erectile dysfunction, central nervous system disorders such as neuronal degeneration and spinal cord injury, and in neoplasias Inhibition of Rho-kinase activity has been shown to inhibit tumor cell growth and metastasis, angiogenesis, arterial thrombotic disorders such as platelet aggregation and leukocyte aggregation, asthma, regulation of intraoccular pressure, and bone resorption. The inhibition of Rho-kinase activity in patients has benefits for controlling cerebral vasospasms and ischemia following subarachnoid hemorrhage, reduction of intraocular pressure, increase in ocular aqueous outflow by relaxation of trabecular meshwork tissue, improving blood flow to the optic nerve, and protection of healthy ganglion cells.

In mammals, Rho-kinase consists of two isoforms, ROCK1 (ROCKβ; p160-ROCK) and ROCK2 (ROCKα). ROCK1 and ROCK2 are differentially expressed and regulated in specific tissues. For example, ROCK1 is ubiquitously expressed at relatively high levels, whereas ROCK2 is preferentially expressed in cardiac and brain and skeletal muscle. The isoforms are also expressed in some tissues and in a developmental stage specific manner. ROCK1 is a substrate for cleavage by caspase-3 during apoptosis, whereas ROCK2 is not. Smooth muscle specific basic calponin is phosphorylated only by ROCK2.

Given the extent of involved cellular processes and diseases, compounds that selectively inhibit one rho kinase, or inhibit ROCK1 and ROCK2, are desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compounds having the formulae I-XXV, as set forth below. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of formula I:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from N or C—R₁;     -   Y is selected from N or C—R₅;     -   Z is selected from N or C—R₃;     -   R₁ is selected from the group consisting of H, lower alkyl, CN,         halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, perfluoro lower alkyl, and         (lower alkyl)-O-(lower alkyl);     -   R₂ is a group having the formula -A-R₁₀;     -   A is selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond,         aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl;     -   R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of H, CN, halo,         hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, perfluoro lower alkyl, C₁-C₁₀         alkyl, C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl, and -(M)_(x)-(CH₂)_(y)—R₁₁;     -   M is selected from the group consisting of N—R₂₀, CR₂₁R₂₂, and         C═O;     -   x is 0 or 1;     -   R₂₀ is selected from H and C₁₋₅ alkyl;     -   R₂₁ and R₂₂ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, halogen, and lower alkyl, or alternatively R₂₁ and R₂₂ may         be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to         form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl;     -   y is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;     -   R₁₁ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₆ alkyl,         optionally substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted         aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted         heterocyclyl, wherein the optional substituents are selected         from the group consisting of lower alkyl, C₁₋₆ cycloalkyl, oxo,         CN, halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, perfluoro lower alkyl,         and (lower alkyl)-O-(lower alkyl);     -   alternatively R₁₁ is selected from the group consisting of         —NR₁₃R₁₄, —C(═O)NR₁₃R₁₄, and —C(═O)R₁₂, and —CO₂R₁₂;     -   R¹² is selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, aryl,         heteroaryl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aralkyl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring         containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally         substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected         from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         (C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), hydroxy, cyano and C₁-C₃         perfluoro alkyl;     -   R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₆         cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring         containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally         substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected         from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl,         C₁-C₆ alkoxy, (C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), hydroxy, amino,         cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), oxo, hydroxy,         cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   R₃ is selected from the group consisting of H, lower alkyl, CN,         halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, perfluoro lower alkyl, and         (lower alkyl)-O-(lower alkyl);     -   R₅ is selected from the group consisting of H, lower alkyl, CN,         halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, perfluoro lower alkyl, and         (lower alkyl)-O-(lower alkyl);     -   R₆ is selected from the group consisting of H, lower alkyl, CN,         halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, perfluoro lower alkyl, and         (lower alkyl)-O-(lower alkyl);     -   R₇ is selected from the group consisting of H and lower alkyl;         and     -   R₈ is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring system ring which         may comprise 0-2 additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O         and S, and may be unsubstituted or may be substituted with 1 to         3 substituents selected from halo, CN, oxo, hydroxy, amino,         lower alkyl, perfluoro lower alkyl, and lower alkoxy.

The present invention includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or diluents.

The present invention includes compositions comprising a substantially pure compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, steroisomer, or hydrate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and/or diluents.

The invention provides a method of inhibiting a rho-kinase in a mammal. The invention provides a method of treating a patient suffering from a disease comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formulae I-XXV. In certain such embodiments, the compound of Formulae I-XXV inhibits ROCK2. In certain such embodiments, the compound of Formulae I-XXV selectively inhibits ROCK2. Non-limiting diseases and conditions treated according to the instant invention include cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, ocular hypertension, cerebral ischemia, cerebral vasospasm, penile erectile dysfunction, central nervous system disorders such as neuronal degeneration and spinal cord injury, arterial thrombotic disorders such as platelet aggregation and leukocyte aggregation, asthma, regulation of intraoccular pressure, and bone resorption. In neoplasias, inhibition of Rho-kinase inhibits tumor cell growth and metastasis, and angiogenesis.

The invention provides a method of treating an autoimmune disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae I-XXV. Autoimmune disorders include, without limitation, rheumatoid arthritis, (multiple sclerosis), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; lupus), psoriasis, Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis, eczema, or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

The invention provides a method of treating a cardiovascular disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae I-XXV. Cardiovascular disorders include, without limitation, hypertension, artherosclerosis, restenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, ocular hypertension, cerebral ischemia, cerebral vasospasm, or erectile dysfunction.

The invention provides a method of treating inflammation in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae I-XXV. Inflammation includes, without limitation, asthma, cardiovascular inflammation, renal inflammation or arteriosclerosis.

The invention provides a method of treating a central nervous system disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae I-XXV. Central nervous system disorders include, without limitation, neuronal degeneration or spinal cord injury, as well as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or multiple sclerosis.

The invention provides a method of treating an arterial thrombotic disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae I-XXV. Non-limiting examples of arterial thrombotic disorders are platelet aggregation, or leukocyte aggregation.

The invention provides a method of treating a fibrotic disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae I-XXV. Non-limiting examples of fibrotic disorders are liver fibrosis, lung fibrosis, or kidney fibrosis.

The invention provides a method of maintaining epithelial stability comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae I-XXV.

The invention provides a method of treating glaucoma or regulating intraocular pressure in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae I-XXV. Non-limiting examples of glaucoma include primary open-angle glaucoma, acute angle-closure glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, or secondary glaucoma.

The invention provides a method of treating a neoplastic disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae I-XXV. Neoplastic diseases include, without limitation, a lymphoma, carcinoma, leukemia, sarcoma, or blastoma, such as squamous cell cancer, small-cell lung cancer, pituitary cancer, esophageal cancer, astrocytoma, soft tissue sarcoma, non-small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma of the lung, squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial or uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatic carcinoma, brain cancer, endometrial cancer, testis cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma, gastric cancer, melanoma, or head and neck cancer.

The invention also provides a method of treating metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes, or glucose intolerance in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae I-XXV.

Further, the invention provides a method of treating osteoporosis or promoting bone formation a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae I-XXV.

The invention also provides a method of treating metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes, or glucose intolerance in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae I-XXV.

It has been discovered that rho kinase regulates TH17 and Treg function, as well as IL-17 and IL-21 production in immune system cells. Accordingly, the invention provides a method of regulating immunological responses using rho kinase inhibitors, including, without limitation, compound of formulae I-XXV, as well as compounds of formulae XXX-XXXVI.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows compounds of the invention.

FIG. 2 shows compounds of the invention.

FIG. 3 shows compounds of the invention.

FIG. 4 shows compounds of the invention.

FIG. 5 shows dose response curves for inhibition of ROCK1 vs. ROCK2. Compounds correspond to Examples herein, as follows: K100-5, Ex. 12; KD-25, SLx-2119; 3272, Ex. 28; K100-04, Ex. 14; K100-16, Ex. 43; K100-21; Ex. 38; K100-23 Ex. 52; K100-24, Ex. 111; K100-25, Ex. 56; K100-26, Ex. 13; 3266, Ex. 26.

FIG. 6 compares ROCK1 and ROCK2 inhibition among the compounds of Examples 43, 48, and 118.

FIG. 7 shows ROCK2 selective inhibitor, KD025 (SLx 2119), inhibits IL-17/IL-21 secretion (A) and proliferation (B) in human CD4⁺ T cells in vitro.

FIG. 8 shows ROCK2 siRNA, but not ROCK1 siRNA, inhibits IL-17 and IL-21 secretion. Panel A, left: Anti-ROCK1 siRNA reduced Rock1 expression by about 75%. Anti-ROCK2 siRNA reduced Rock2 expression by about 85%. Panel A, right: ROCK2 siRNA, but not ROCK1 siRNA, inhibited IL-17 and IL-21 expression. No inhibition of IFN-γ was observed. Panel B: ROCK2 siRNA, but not ROCK1 siRNA, inhibited phosphorylation of Stat3, IRF4, and RORγt. Panel C: ROCK2 siRNA, but not ROCK1 siRNA, inhibited phosphorylation of MLC.

FIG. 9 shows KD025 (SLx 2119) inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation. (A) Pre-treatment of T cells with KD025 followed by stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. (B) Cell culture under Th17-skewing conditions for 5 days followed by treatment with KD025 for 3 hours. (C) CD4⁺ T cells were activated by anti-CD3/CD28, TGF-β and IL-1β with 0 μM, 2.5 μM, 5 μM, or 10 μM KD025 for 48 hours

FIG. 10 shows ROCK2 selective inhibitor, KD025, inhibits IL-17, IL-21 and IFN-γ production ex vivo in CD3/CD28 stimulated CD4⁺ T cells from RA patients. Panel A: In RA patients, KD025 inhibits TCR stimulation of IL-17, and IL-21, as well as IFN-γ. Panel B: Inhibition of IFN-γ production is correlated with disease activity score (DAS). Panel C: Frequency of IL-17 and IFN-γ-producing T cells demonstrated by intracellular staining.

FIG. 11 shows KD025 activates STAT5 phosphorylation. Freshly purified CD4⁺ T cells were cultured for 2 days with stimulatory antibodies against CD3/CD28 (5 μg/ml), TGF-β (5 ng/ml), IL-1β (50 ng/ml), and the indicated doses of the selective ROCK2 inhibitor KD025.

FIG. 12 shows Foxp3 expression in human CD4⁺ T cells treated with the indicated doses of the selective ROCK2 inhibitor KD025.

FIG. 13 shows the effect of KD025-mediated ROCK2 inhibition in Tregs on IL-17 secretion by CD4⁺CD25⁻ T cells.

FIG. 14 shows the effect of KD025-mediated ROCK2 inhibition on TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of STAT3, MLC, and SMAD2/3 in Tregs.

FIG. 15A-C shows the effect of KD025-mediated ROCK2 inhibition on stimulation of (A) IL-17, (B) IL-21, and (C) IFN-γ production in isolated PBMCs. Six patients were treated with 120 mg/day KD025 on days 1 and 8-14, and two patients with placebo. PBMCs were isolated at days 1 and 15 and examined for IL-17 and IL-21 production in response to stimulation by anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Patients 2 and 7 received placebo. *=placebo administered to patients 2 and 7. Panels D-F show the effect of increasing doses of KD025 on stimulation of (D) IL-17, (E) IL-21, and (F) IFN-γ production in isolated PBMCs.

FIGS. 16A-C show human heavy chain, lambda light chain, and kappa light chain variable region sequences, respectively, of anti-VEGFR2 antibodies identified by phage display.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to compounds having the formula I:

wherein:

-   -   X is selected from N or C—R₁;     -   Y is selected from N or C—R₅;     -   Z is selected from N or C—R₃;     -   R₁ is selected from the group consisting of H, lower alkyl, CN,         halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, perfluoro lower alkyl, and         (lower alkyl)-O-(lower alkyl);     -   R₂ is a group having the formula -A-R₁₀;     -   A is selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond,         aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl;     -   R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of H, CN, halo,         hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, perfluoro lower alkyl, C₁-C₁₀         alkyl, C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl, and -(M)_(x)-(CH₂)_(y)—R₁₁     -   M is selected from the group consisting of N—R₂₀, CR₂₁R₂₂, and         C═O;     -   x is 0 or 1;     -   R₂₀ is selected from H and C₁₋₅ alkyl;     -   R₂₁ and R₂₂ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, halogen, and lower alkyl, or alternatively R₂₁ and R₂₂ may         be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to         form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl;     -   y is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;     -   R₁₁ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₆ alkyl,         optionally substituted C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted         aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted         heterocyclyl, wherein the optional substituents are selected         from the group consisting of lower alkyl, C₁₋₆ cycloalkyl, oxo,         CN, halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, perfluoro lower alkyl,         and (lower alkyl)-O-(lower alkyl);     -   alternatively R₁₁ is selected from the group consisting of         —NR₁₃R₁₄, —C(═O)NR₁₃R₁₄, and —C(═O)R₁₂, and —CO₂R₁₂;     -   R¹² is selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, aryl,         heteroaryl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aralkyl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring         containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally         substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected         from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         (C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), hydroxy, cyano and C₁-C₃         perfluoro alkyl;     -   R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₆         cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring         containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally         substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected         from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl,         C₁-C₆ alkoxy, (C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), hydroxy, amino,         cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), oxo, hydroxy,         cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoroalkyl;     -   R₃ is selected from the group consisting of H, lower alkyl, CN,         halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, perfluoro lower alkyl, and         (lower alkyl)-O-(lower alkyl);     -   R₅ is selected from the group consisting of H, lower alkyl, CN,         halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, perfluoro lower alkyl, and         (lower alkyl)-O-(lower alkyl);     -   R₆ is selected from the group consisting of H, lower alkyl, CN,         halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, perfluoro lower alkyl, and         (lower alkyl)-O-(lower alkyl);     -   R₇ is selected from the group consisting of H and lower alkyl;         and     -   R₈ is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring system ring which         may comprise 0-2 additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O         and S, and may be unsubstituted or may be substituted with 1 to         3 substituents selected from halo, CN, oxo, hydroxy, amino,         lower alkyl, perfluoro lower alkyl, and lower alkoxy.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the ring system of R₈ is saturated, contains one or more double bonds, or is aromatic. The ring system than comprises R₈ is preferably a monocyclic or a bicyclic ring system having 4 to 10 ring atoms. In certain aspects of the invention, R₈ is selected from:

wherein R₉ is selected from H, halogen and lower alkyl.

In certain embodiments, R₂ is a substituted aryl group and is preferably a substituted phenyl group.

In certain aspects of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula II, III or IV:

wherein R₂, R₆, R₇, X and Z are as defined above for formula I.

In other aspects of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula V or VI:

wherein R₆, R₇, X, Z and R₁₀ are as defined above for formula I.

In other aspects of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula VII:

wherein R₆, R₇, X, Z, and R₁₀ are as defined above for formula I.

In other aspects of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula IX:

wherein R₆, R₇, X and Z are as defined above for formula I, and T is —(CH₂)_(y)—R₁₁ wherein y and R₁₁ are as defined above for formula I.

In other aspects of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula X:

wherein R₆, R₇, X and Z are as defined above for formula I, and R′ is R₁₃ as defined above for formula I.

In other aspects of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XI:

wherein R₆, R₇, X and Z are as defined above for formula I, and T₁ is R₁₂ as defined above for formula I.

In other aspects of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XII:

wherein R₆, R₇, X and Z are as defined above for formula I, and T₁ is R₁₂ as defined above for formula I.

In other aspects of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XIII:

wherein R₆, R₇, X and Z are as defined above for formula I, A is M as defined above for formula 1 and W is R₁₂ as defined above for formula I.

In other aspects of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XIV:

wherein X, Z and R¹³ are as defined above for formula I.

In certain aspects of the invention, for each of the compounds depicted above, the moiety

may be selected from a heteroaromatic group such that Y is N. In other aspects of the invention, both Y and X are N, and in still other aspects X, Y and Z are each N. In preferred aspects of the invention, this heteroaromatic group is selected from any one of the following groups:

In other aspects of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XV:

wherein R₆, R₇, and R₁₀ are as defined above for formula I.

In other aspects of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XVI:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:

-   -   R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to         twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3         heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from         1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆         alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and         C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;         R² is selected from H and halo;         each R³ and R⁴ is independently selected from the group         consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl),         —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃         perfluoroalkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², —NR³¹—(CH₂)_(a)NR³³R³⁴,         —NR³¹—(CH₂)_(a)OR³³, aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆         alkyl);     -   R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl);         or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   R³³ and R³⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H and C₁-C₈ alkyl;     -   a is selected from 0 to 6;         R⁵ is selected from H and C₁-C₆ alkyl;         R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C₁-C₆         alkyl.

In an embodiment of the invention R¹³ is selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl and a three to twelve-membered heterocyclic ring. In an another embodiment of the invention R¹³ is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl, cycloalkyl, N-morpholino and 3-pyridine. In an embodiment of the invention R¹⁴ is H. In an embodiment of the invention R² is H. In another embodiment of the invention R² is F. In an embodiment of the invention R³ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl. In an another embodiment of the invention R³ is selected from the group consisting of H, CH₃ and CF₃. In an embodiment of the invention R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl and a three to twelve-membered heterocyclic ring. In an another embodiment of the invention R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, CH₃, CF₃, piperazinyl and N-morpholino.

In aspects of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XVII:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, wherein: X is selected from the group consisting of —NH—C(═O)—CHR¹³R¹⁴; —NH—C(═O)—(CH₂)_(b)—NR¹³R¹⁴; —C(═O)—NR¹³R¹⁴;

-   -   R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a         three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3         heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from         1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆         alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and         C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;         each R³ and R⁴ is independently selected from the group         consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl),         —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃ perfluoro         alkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to         twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms         which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents         independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl);     -   a is selected from 0 to 6;     -   b is selected from 0 to 1.

In an embodiment of the invention R¹³ is a three to twelve-membered heterocyclic ring. In an another embodiment of the invention R¹³ is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl, cycloalkyl, N-morpholino, 3-pyridinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperdinyl, and tetrahydrothiopyranyl dioxide. In an another embodiment of the invention R¹³ is selected from the group consisting of:

In an embodiment of the invention R¹⁴ is H. In an embodiment of the invention R³ and R⁴ are each H.

In another aspect of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XVIII:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, wherein: each R³ and R⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², CF₃, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;

-   -   R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl);     -   a is selected from 0 to 6;         R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl,         —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆         alkyl), —C(═O)—O—C(R)₃ ³¹, CF₃, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to         twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring having up to 3         heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3         substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   x is selected from 1 to 3;     -   y is selected from 0 to 3;     -   z is selected from 0 to 3;     -   wherein y or z are independently selected and one of which is at         least 1.

In aspects of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XIX:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:

-   -   R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to         twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3         heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from         1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆         alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and         C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;         Y is selected from the group consisting of S, CH₂, and —CR³¹R³²—         R² is selected from H and halo;         each R³ and R⁴ is independently selected from the group         consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl),         —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃         perfluoroalkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², —NR³¹—(CH₂)_(a)NR³³R³⁴,         —NR³¹—(CH₂)_(a)OR³³, aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆         alkyl);     -   R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, halo, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and         —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl);         or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve         membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring having up to 3         heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3         substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   R³³ and R³⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H and C₁-C₈ alkyl;     -   a is selected from 0 to 6.

In an embodiment of the invention Y forms a three-membered cycloalkane. In an another embodiment of the invention Y is fluoro;

In another aspect of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XX:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:

-   -   R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to         twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3         heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from         1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆         alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and         C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;         R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN,         halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl),         —NR³¹R³², CF₃, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a         three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3         heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3         substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl);         or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;         R⁵ is selected from H and C₁-C₆ alkyl.

In another aspect of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XXI:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:

-   -   R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to         twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3         heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from         1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆         alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and         C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;         R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN,         halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl),         —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring         having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from         1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆         alkyl;     -   R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl);         or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   a is selected from 0 to 6.

In another aspect of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XXII:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:

-   -   R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to         twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3         heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from         1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆         alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and         C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;         R³ is H;         R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN,         halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl),         —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring         having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from         1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆         alkyl;     -   R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl);         or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   a is selected from 0 to 6.

In another aspect of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XXIII:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:

-   -   R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to         twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3         heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from         1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆         alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and         C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;         x is selected from 0 to 1;         R² is selected from the group consisting of cyclohexylpyridine,         1H-pyrazole, and pyridine;

-   -   X is selected from N or CR³;     -   Y is selected from N or CR³;     -   Z is selected from N or CR⁴;         wherein at least one of X, Y, and Z is N;         R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN,         halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl),         —NR³¹R³², CF₃, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², —NR³¹—(CH₂)_(a)NR³³R³⁴,         —NR³¹—(CH₂)_(a)OR³³, aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆         alkyl);     -   R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl);         or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   a is selected from 0 to 6;         Q is selected from the group NR⁵ and O;         R⁵ is selected from H and C₁-C₆ alkyl.

In another aspect of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XXIV:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:

-   -   R¹² is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl,         C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl),         amino, NR³¹R³², heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3         heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from         1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆         alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and         C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;         x is selected from 0 to 2;         each R³ and R⁴ is independently selected from the group         consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl),         —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², CF₃,         —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl);         or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   a is selected from 1 to 6.

In another aspect of the invention, the compounds useful according to the present invention include those having the formula XXV:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:

-   -   R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to         twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3         heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from         1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆         alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and         C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   x is selected from 0 to 3;         R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl,         C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic         ring, and C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl;         each R³ and R⁴ is independently selected from the group         consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl),         —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², CF₃,         —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl);         or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   a is selected from 1 to 6.

In other aspects of the invention, the ROCK2 inhibiting compound may be selected from the ROCK2 compounds disclosed in PCT/US2006/011271, filed Mar. 27, 2006, which is incorporated herein in its entirety. Thus, the ROCK2 inhibiting compound may have the formula XXXI:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, wherein: R¹ is selected from the group consisting of —O—(CH₂)_(y)—CO₂R¹², —O—(CH₂)_(y)—C(═O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —O—(CH₂)_(y)-heteroaryl, —O—(CH₂)_(y)-cycloalkyl, —O—C(═O)—(CH₂)_(y)—NR¹³R¹⁴, —O—(CH₂)_(z)—NR¹³R¹⁴, —NH—C(═O)—(CH₂)_(y)—NR¹³R¹⁴, —NH—C(═O)—X—R¹⁵, —NH—(CH₂)_(y)—NR¹³R¹⁴; R¹² is selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted at one or more carbon atoms by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;

-   -   R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring         containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally         substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected         from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, OH, NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   X is selected from a covalent bond, O, NH, and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring         containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally         substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected         from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, NH₂, CN         and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R¹⁵ is selected from —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —CO₂R¹⁸, —O—(CH₂)_(x)—CO₂R¹⁸, and —C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷;         -   R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ independently selected from the group consisting             of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₁-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆             alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇             cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring             containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be             optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents             independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆             alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, OH, NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro             alkyl;         -   or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ may be taken together form a three to twelve             membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which             is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents             independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆             alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃             perfluoro alkyl;         -   R¹⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl,             aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆             alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆             alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), each of which may be optionally             substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently             selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and             C₁-C₃ perfluoroalkyl;     -   x is selected from 0 to 6;     -   y is selected from 0 to 6;     -   z is selected from 2 to 6;         each R² is independently selected from the group consisting of         lower alkyl, CN, halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, and         perfluoro lower alkyl;         each R³ is independently selected from the group consisting of         lower alkyl, CN, halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, and         perfluoro lower alkyl;         R⁴ is selected from —(CH₂)_(a)—NR⁴³R⁴⁴, —Y—R⁴²,         —O—(CH₂)_(a)—CO₂R⁴², —O—(CH₂)_(a)—C(═O)NR⁴³R⁴⁴,         —O—(CH₂)_(a)-heteroaryl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)-cycloalkyl,         —O—C(═O)—(CH₂)_(a)—NR⁴³R⁴⁴, —O—(CH₂)_(c)—NR⁴³R⁴⁴,         —NH—C(═O)—(CH₂)_(a)—NR⁴³R⁴⁴, —NH—C(═O)—Y—R⁴⁵,         —NH—C(═O)—(CH₂)_(a)—NR⁴³R⁴⁴;     -   R⁴² is selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₆ alkyl,         —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-C(═O)NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆         alkyl), each of which may be optionally substituted at one or         more carbon atoms by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and         C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   R⁴³ and R⁴⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₁-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-C(═O)NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring         containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally         substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected         from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R⁴³ and R⁴⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   Y is selected from a covalent bond, O, NH, and C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   R⁴⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷, —CO₂R⁴⁸,         —O—(CH₂)_(b)—CO₂R⁴⁸, and —C(═O)NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷,         -   R⁴⁶ and R⁴⁷ independently selected from the group consisting             of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₁-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆             alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇             cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring             containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be             optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents             independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆             alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃             perfluoro alkyl;         -   or R⁴⁶ and R⁴⁷ may be taken together form a three to twelve             membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which             is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents             independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆             alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃             perfluoro alkyl;         -   R⁴⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl,             aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆             alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆             alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), each of which may be optionally             substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently             selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and             C₁-C₃ perfluoroalkyl;     -   a is selected from 0 to 6;     -   b is selected from 0 to 6;     -   c is selected from 2 to 6;         R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₆ alkyl,         —(CH₂)_(d)—C(═O)—NR⁵³R⁵⁴, —C(═O)—(CH₂)_(d)—NR⁵³R⁵⁴,         —C(═O)—X—R⁵⁵, and —C(═O)—(CH₂)_(d)—NR⁵³R⁵⁴;     -   R⁵³ and R⁵⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁵⁶R⁵⁷, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-C(═O)NR⁵⁶R⁵⁷, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring         containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally         substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected         from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R⁵³ and R⁵⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro         alkyl;     -   R⁵⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁵⁶R⁵⁷, —CO₂R⁵⁸,         —O—(CH₂)_(e)—CO₂R⁵⁸, and —C(═O)NR⁵⁶R⁵⁷,         -   R⁵⁶ and R⁵⁷ independently selected from the group consisting             of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₁-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆             alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇             cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring             containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be             optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents             independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆             alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃             perfluoro alkyl;         -   or R⁵⁶ and R⁵⁷ may be taken together form a three to twelve             membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which             is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents             independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆             alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃             perfluoro alkyl;         -   R⁵⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl,             aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆             alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁵⁶R⁵⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆             alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), each of which may be optionally             substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently             selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and             C₁-C₃ perfluoroalkyl;         -   d is selected from 0 to 6;         -   e is selected from 0 to 6;             R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₆ alkyl,             —(CH₂)_(r)—C(═O)—NR⁶³R⁶⁴, —C(═O)—(CH₂)_(r)—NR⁶³R⁶⁴,             —C(═O)—X—R⁶⁵, and —C(═O)—(CH₂)_(r)—NR⁶³R⁶⁴;     -   R⁶³ and R⁶⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting         of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁶⁶R⁶⁷, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-C(═O)NR⁶⁶R⁶⁷, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring         containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally         substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected         from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆         alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl;     -   or R⁶³ and R⁶⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve         membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is         optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently         selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro         alkyl;     -   R⁶⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, —(C₁-C₆         alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁶⁶R⁶⁷, —CO₂R⁶⁸,         —O—(CH₂)_(s)—CO₂R⁶⁸, and —C(═O)NR⁶⁶R⁶⁷,         -   R⁶⁶ and R⁶⁷ independently selected from the group consisting             of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₁-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆             alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇             cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring             containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be             optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents             independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆             alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃             perfluoro alkyl;         -   or R⁶⁶ and R⁶⁷ may be taken together form a three to twelve             membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which             is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents             independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆             alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃             perfluoro alkyl;         -   R⁶⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl,             aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, —C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆             alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁶⁶R⁶⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆             alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), each of which may be optionally             substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently             selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and             C₁-C₃ perfluoroalkyl;         -   r is selected from 0 to 6;         -   s is selected from 0 to 6;             n is selected from 0 to 4;             m is selected from 0 to 3; and             p is selected from 0 and 1.

In one embodiment of Formula XXXI, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently selected from H and C₁-C₆ alkyl. In another embodiment, R⁴ and R⁵ are H.

In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula XXXI has the formula XXXII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹, R², R³, n and m are as for the compound of the formula I.

In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula XXXI has the formula XXXIII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹, R², R³, n and m are as for the compound of the formula I.

In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula XXXI has the formula XXXIV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; X is selected from a covalent bond, O, NH, and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; each R² is independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, CN, halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, and perfluoro lower alkyl; each R³ is independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, CN, halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, and perfluoro lower alkyl; n is selected from 0 to 4; and m is selected from 0 to 3.

In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula XXXI has the formula XXXIV_(a):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl.

In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula XXXI has the formula XXXV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹² is selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted at one or more carbon atoms by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; each R² is independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, CN, halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, and perfluoro lower alkyl; each R³ is independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, CN, halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, and perfluoro lower alkyl; n is selected from 0 to 4; and m is selected from 0 to 3.

In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula XXXI has the formula XXXV_(a):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹² is selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted at one or more carbon atoms by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl.

In another embodiment of the invention, the rho kinase inhibitor has the XXXVI:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; each R² is independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, CN, halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, and perfluoro lower alkyl; each R³ is independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, CN, halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, and perfluoro lower alkyl; n is selected from 0 to 4; and m is selected from 0 to 3.

In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula XXXVI has the formula XXXVI_(a):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl.

In further aspects of the invention, the compound of formula XXXI is SLx-2119:

In further aspects of the invention, the rho kinase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:

-   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(2-methoxyethyl)acetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-1-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethanone, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-1-morpholinoethanone, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-methylacetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N—((R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)acetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N—((S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)acetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N—((R)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)ethanone, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-tert-butylacetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-ethylacetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(cyanomethyl)acetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-cyclobutylacetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isobutylacetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)acetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-cyclohexylacetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-neopentylacetamide, -   2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(prop-2-ynyl)acetamide, -   N-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenyl)-4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide, -   3-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, -   N-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenyl)-2-methoxyacetamide, -   methyl     2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenylamino)-2-oxoacetate, -   1-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenyl)-3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)urea, -   N-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenyl)-2-morpholinoacetamide, -   N-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenyl)-3-(4-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)propanamide,     N-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenyl)piperidine-4-carboxamide,     and     N-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-2-yl)phenyl)butyramide.

In further aspects of the invention, the rho kinase inhibitor is

The term “heteroatom” as used herein means an atom of any element other than carbon or hydrogen. Preferred heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

The term “alkyl” refers to the radical of saturated aliphatic groups, including straight-chain alkyl groups and branched-chain alkyl groups. In preferred embodiments, a straight chain or branched chain alkyl has 10 or fewer carbon atoms in its backbone (e.g., C₁-C₁₀ for straight chain, C₃-C₁₀ for branched chain). Likewise, preferred cycloalkyls have from 3-10 carbon atoms in their ring structure, and more preferably have 3 to 6 carbons in the ring structure.

Unless the number of carbons is otherwise specified, “lower alkyl” as used herein means an alkyl group, as defined above, but having from one to six carbons, and more preferably from one to four carbon atoms. Likewise, “lower alkenyl” and “lower alkynyl” have similar chain lengths (C₂-C₆). Preferred alkyl groups are lower alkyls. In preferred embodiments, a substituent designated herein as alkyl is a lower alkyl.

The term “cycloalkyl” refers to saturated, carbocyclic groups having from 3 to 7 carbons in the ring. Preferred cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.

The term “aralkyl”, as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with an aryl group (e.g., an aromatic or heteroaromatic group).

The terms “alkenyl” and “alkynyl” refer to unsaturated aliphatic groups analogous in length and possible substitution to the alkyls described above, but that contain at least one double or triple bond respectively.

The term “aryl” as used herein includes 5- and 6-membered single-ring aromatic groups that may include from zero to four heteroatoms, for example, benzene, pyrene, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, triazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine and pyrimidine, and the like. Those aryl groups having heteroatoms in the ring structure may also be referred to as “aryl heterocycles”, “heteroaromatics” or “heteroaryl”. The aromatic ring can be substituted at one or more ring positions with such substituents as described above, for example, halogen, azide, alkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, nitro, sulfhydryl, imino, amido, phosphonate, phosphinate, carbonyl, carboxyl, silyl, ether, alkylthio, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, ketone, aldehyde, ester, heterocyclyl, aromatic or heteroaromatic moieties, —CF₃, —CN, or the like. The term “aryl” also includes polycyclic ring systems having two or more cyclic rings in which two or more carbons are common to two adjoining rings (the rings are “fused rings”) wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic, e.g., the other cyclic rings can be cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, aryls and/or heterocyclic groups.

The terms “heterocyclyl” or “heterocyclic group” refer to 3- to 10-membered ring structures, more preferably 5- or 6-membered rings, whose ring structures include one to four heteroatoms. Heterocycles can also be polycycles. Heterocyclic groups include, for example, thiophene, thianthrene, furan, pyran, isobenzofuran, chromene, xanthene, phenoxathiin, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, isothiazole, isoxazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, indolizine, isoindole, indole, indazole, purine, quinolizine, isoquinoline, quinoline, phthalazine, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, carbazole, carboline, phenanthridine, acridine, pyrimidine, phenanthroline, phenazine, phenarsazine, phenothiazine, furazan, phenoxazine, pyrrolidine, oxolane, thiolane, oxazole, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, lactones, lactams such as azetidinones and pyrrolidinones, sultams, sultones, and the like. The heterocyclic ring can be substituted at one or more positions with such substituents as described above, as for example, halogen, alkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, sulfhydryl, imino, amido, phosphonate, phosphinate, carbonyl, carboxyl, silyl, ether, alkylthio, sulfonyl, ketone, aldehyde, ester, a heterocyclyl, an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety, —CF₃, —CN, or the like.

The terms “polycyclyl” or “polycyclic group” refer to two or more rings (e.g., cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, aryls and/or heterocyclyls) in which two or more carbons are common to two adjoining rings, e.g., the rings are “fused rings”. Rings that are joined through non-adjacent atoms are termed “bridged” rings. Each of the rings of the polycyclic group can be substituted with such substituents as described above, for example, halogen, alkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, sulfhydryl, imino, amido, phosphonate, phosphinate, carbonyl, carboxyl, silyl, ether, alkylthio, sulfonyl, ketone, aldehyde, ester, a heterocyclyl, an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety, —CF₃, —CN, or the like.

As used herein, the term “nitro” means —NO₂. The term “halogen” or “halo” designates —F, —Cl, —Br or —I. The term “hydroxyl” means —OH.

The terms “amine” and “amino” refer to both unsubstituted and substituted amines, e.g., a moiety that can be represented by the general formula:

wherein R, R′ and R″ each independently represent H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl, and heterocyclic groups, and most preferably H or lower alkyl.

The terms “alkoxyl” or “alkoxy” as used herein refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, having an oxygen radical attached thereto. Representative alkoxyl groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propyloxy, tert-butoxy and the like. The term lower alkoxy refers to an alkoxy group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

The term “oxo” as used herein refers to an oxygen atom that has a double bond to a another atom, particularly to carbon or sulfur.

As used herein, the definition of each expression, e.g. alkyl, m, n, R, etc., when it occurs more than once in any structure, is intended to be independent of its definition elsewhere in the same structure.

It will be understood that “substituted”, “substitution” or “substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc.

As used herein, the term “substituted” is contemplated to include all permissible substituents of organic compounds. In a broad aspect, the permissible substituents include acyclic and cyclic, branched and unbranched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, aromatic and non-aromatic substituents of organic compounds. Illustrative substituents include, for example, those described herein above.

Certain compounds of the present invention may exist in particular geometric or stereoisomeric forms. The present invention contemplates all such compounds, including cis- and trans-isomers, R- and S-enantiomers, diastereomers, the racemic mixtures thereof, and other mixtures thereof, as falling within the scope of the invention. Additional asymmetric carbon atoms may be present in a substituent such as an alkyl group. All such isomers, as well as mixtures thereof, are included in this invention.

Certain embodiments of the present compounds may contain a basic functional group, such as amino or alkylamino, and are, thus, capable of forming pharmaceutically-acceptable salts with pharmaceutically-acceptable acids. The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable salts” in this context, refers to the relatively non-toxic, inorganic and organic acid addition salts of compounds of the present invention. Representative salts include the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, nitrate, acetate, stearate, laurate, benzoate, lactate, phosphate, tosylate, citrate, maleate, fumarate, succinate, tartrate, napthylate, and mesylate salts and the like. (See, for example, Berge et al. “Pharmaceutical Salts”, J. Pharm. Sci. (1977) 66:1-19).

In other cases, the compounds of the present invention may contain one or more acidic functional groups and, thus, are capable of forming pharmaceutically-acceptable salts with pharmaceutically-acceptable bases. Representative salts include alkali or alkaline earth salts such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium salts and the like. Representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine and the like. (See, for example, Berge et al., supra).

In one aspect, the present invention provides compounds of Formula I that are inhibitors of Rho-kinase. Rho kinase (ROCK), a serine/threonine kinase, serves as a target protein for small GTP-binding protein Rho, and is an important mediator of numerous cellular functions, including focal adhesions, motility, smooth muscle contraction, and cytokinesis. In smooth muscle, ROCK plays an important role in Ca²⁺ sensitization and the control of vascular tone. It modulates the level of phosphorylation of the myosin II light chain of myosin II, mainly through inhibition of myosin phosphatase, and contributes to agonist-induced Ca²⁺ sensitization in smooth muscle contraction.

Rho kinase is found in two forms, ROCK 1 (ROCKβ; p160-ROCK) and ROCK 2 (ROCKα). In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I is selectively inhibits ROCK1. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I selectively inhibits ROCK2. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I is non-selective with respect to inhibition of ROCK1 and ROCK2.

Methods of determining kinase inhibition are well known in the art. For example, kinase activity of an enzyme and the inhibitory capacity of a test compound can be determined by measuring enzyme specific phosphorylation of a substrate. Commercial assays and kits can be employed. For example, kinase inhibition can be determined using an IMAP® assay (Molecular Devices). This assay method involves the use of a fluorescently-tagged peptide substrate. Phosphorylation of the tagged peptide by a kinase of interest promotes binding of the peptide to a trivalent metal-based nanoparticle via the specific, high affinity interaction between the phospho-group and the trivalent metal. Proximity to the nanoparticle results in increased fluorescence polarization Inhibition of the kinase by a kinase inhibitor prevents phosphorylation of the substrate and thereby limits binding of the fluorescently-tagged substrate to the nanoparticle. Such an assay can be compatible with a microwell assay format, allowing simultaneous determination of IC₅₀ of multiple compounds.

In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of treating a patient suffering from a disease comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention. The phrase “therapeutically-effective amount” as used herein means that amount of a compound, material, or composition comprising a compound of the present invention which is effective for producing some desired therapeutic effect in at least a sub-population of cells in an animal at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio applicable to any medical treatment, e.g. reasonable side effects applicable to any medical treatment.

Compounds of the invention that inhibit Rho-kinase and or Rho-kinase mediated phosphorylation are useful for treatment of patients suffering from cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases involving Rho-kinase function, such as hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, coronary heart disease, cardiac hypertrophy, ocular hypertension, retinopathy, ischemic diesases, cerebral ischemia, cerebral vasospasm, penile erectile dysfunction, peripheral circulatory disorder, peripheral artery occlusive disease, glaucoma, (e.g., regulating intraoccular pressure), fibroid lung, fibroid liver, fibroid kidney, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), adult respiratory distress syndrome, central nervous system disorders such as neuronal degeneration and spinal cord injury. Further, Rho-kinase inhibiters of the invention can be used to treat arterial thrombotic disorders such as platelet aggregation and leukocyte aggregation, and bone resorption.

In certain embodiments, a Rho-kinase inhibitor of the invention is used to treat inflammation, including, but not limited to asthma, cardiovascular inflammation, renal inflammation, and arteriosclerosis.

Rho-kinase inhibitors of the invention inhibit tumor cell growth and metastasis, and angiogenesis, and are useful for treating neoplastic diseases. Neoplastic diseases include any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal or uncontrolled cell division, and may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream. Neoplastic disease includes, without limitiation, lymphoma (a neoplasm of lymph tissue that is usually malignant), carcinoma (any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue), leukemia (malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes), sarcoma (a usually malignant tumor arising from connective tissue (bone or muscle etc.), and blastoma (malignancy in precursor cells). Nonlimiting examples include squamous cell cancer, small-cell lung cancer, pituitary cancer, esophageal cancer, astrocytoma, soft tissue sarcoma, non-small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma of the lung, squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial or uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatic carcinoma, brain cancer, endometrial cancer, testis cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma, gastric cancer, melanoma, and various types of head and neck cancer.

According to the invention, ROCK inhibitors are used to effect weight loss and/or limit weight gain. In a preferred embodiment, the ROCK inhibitor is ROCK2 selective. ROCK-2 inhibitors promote weight loss in normal subjects, and limit weight gain in subjects prone to obesity.

In an embodiment of the invention, a ROCK inhibitor is used to reduce or prevent insulin resistance or restore insulin sensitivity. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the compounds of the invention are used to promote or restore insulin-dependent glucose uptake. In another embodiment of the invention, a ROCK-inhibitors of the invention is used to promote or restore glucose tolerance. In another embodiment of the invention, a ROCK inhibitor of the invention is used to treat metabolic syndrome. In another embodiment, a ROCK-inhibitors of the invention is used to reduce or prevent hyperinsulinemia. In an embodiment of the invention, a ROCK inhibitor is used to treat diabetes (particulary type 2 diabetes). ROCK inhibitors of the invention may also be used to promote or restore insulin-mediated relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In preferred embodiments, the ROCK inhibitor is ROCK2 selective.

In certain embodiments, compounds of the invention are used for treatment of central nervous system disorders. Such disorders may involve neuronal degeneration or physical injury to neural tissue, including without limitation, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or multiple sclerosis. In certain embodiments, compounds of the invention have properties particularly useful for treatment of such disorders, such as beneficial tissue distribution to tissues of the central nervous system, and ability to cross the blood brain barrier.

The invention provides pan-ROCK inhibitors (i.e., compounds that inhibit ROCK1 and ROCK1) as well as ROCK inhibitors that are isoform selective. As discussed above, in certain embodiments of the invention, a ROCK2-selective inhibitor may be preferred. For example, one study observed that ROCK2 is frequently over expressed in hepatocellular cancer compared to non-timorous livers while ROCK1 expression is unaltered. Other cancers which may benefit from treatment with a ROCK2 selective inhibitor include, but are not limited to, colon and bladder cancer. In contrast, ROCK1 expression levels have been observed to be higher in mammary tumors. Any cancer may be tested to determine whether there is overexpression of ROCK1 and/or ROCK2 and treated accordingly. In certain circumstances, ROCK 1 and ROCK2 isoforms show similarity in regulating certain downstream targets,

In another aspect, the present invention provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions which comprise a therapeutically-effective amount of one or more of the compounds of Formula I, formulated together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (additives) and/or diluents. As described in detail below, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be specially formulated for administration in solid or liquid form, including those adapted for the following: (1) oral administration, for example, drenches (aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions), tablets, e.g., those targeted for buccal, sublingual, and systemic absorption, boluses, powders, granules, pastes for application to the tongue; (2) parenteral administration, for example, by subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or epidural injection as, for example, a sterile solution or suspension, or sustained-release formulation; (3) topical application, for example, as a cream, ointment, or a controlled-release patch or spray applied to the skin; (4) intravaginally or intrarectally, for example, as a pessary, cream or foam; (5) sublingually; (6) ocularly; (7) transdermally; or (8) nasally.

The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals with toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problems or complications, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.

The phrase “pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier” as used herein means a pharmaceutically-acceptable material, composition or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, manufacturing aid (e.g., lubricant, talc magnesium, calcium or zinc stearate, or steric acid), or solvent encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting the subject compound from one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body. Each carrier must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not injurious to the patient. Some examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers include: (1) sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; (2) starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; (3) cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; (4) powdered tragacanth; (5) malt; (6) gelatin; (7) talc; (8) excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; (9) oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; (10) glycols, such as propylene glycol; (11) polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; (12) esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; (13) agar; (14) buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; (15) alginic acid; (16) pyrogen-free water; (17) isotonic saline; (18) Ringer's solution; (19) ethyl alcohol; (20) pH buffered solutions; (21) polyesters, polycarbonates and/or polyanhydrides; and (22) other non-toxic compatible substances employed in pharmaceutical formulations.

As set out above, certain embodiments of the present compounds may contain a basic functional group, such as amino or alkylamino, and are, thus, capable of forming pharmaceutically-acceptable salts with pharmaceutically-acceptable acids. The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable salts” in this respect, refers to the relatively non-toxic, inorganic and organic acid addition salts of compounds of the present invention. These salts can be prepared in situ in the administration vehicle or the dosage form manufacturing process, or by separately reacting a purified compound of the invention in its free base form with a suitable organic or inorganic acid, and isolating the salt thus formed during subsequent purification. Representative salts include the hydrobromide, hydrochloride, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, nitrate, acetate, valerate, oleate, palmitate, stearate, laurate, benzoate, lactate, phosphate, tosylate, citrate, maleate, fumarate, succinate, tartrate, napthylate, mesylate, glucoheptonate, lactobionate, and laurylsulphonate salts and the like. (See, for example, Berge et al. (1977) “Pharmaceutical Salts”, J. Pharm. Sci. 66:1-19).

The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the subject compounds include the conventional nontoxic salts or quaternary ammonium salts of the compounds, e.g., from non-toxic organic or inorganic acids. For example, such conventional nontoxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloride, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric, and the like; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, palmitic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicyclic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxybenzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isothionic, and the like.

In other cases, the compounds of the present invention may contain one or more acidic functional groups and, thus, are capable of forming pharmaceutically-acceptable salts with pharmaceutically-acceptable bases. The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable salts” in these instances refers to the relatively non-toxic, inorganic and organic base addition salts of compounds of the present invention. These salts can likewise be prepared in situ in the administration vehicle or the dosage form manufacturing process, or by separately reacting the purified compound in its free acid form with a suitable base, such as the hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate of a pharmaceutically-acceptable metal cation, with ammonia, or with a pharmaceutically-acceptable organic primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Representative alkali or alkaline earth salts include the lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and aluminum salts and the like. Representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine and the like. (See, for example, Berge et al., supra).

Wetting agents, emulsifiers and lubricants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, release agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents, preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the compositions.

Examples of pharmaceutically-acceptable antioxidants include: (1) water soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, cysteine hydrochloride, sodium bisulfate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite and the like; (2) oil-soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), lecithin, propyl gallate, alpha-tocopherol, and the like; and (3) metal chelating agents, such as citric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sorbitol, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like.

Formulations of the present invention include those suitable for oral, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), rectal, vaginal and/or parenteral administration. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. The amount of active ingredient which can be combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host being treated, the particular mode of administration. The amount of active ingredient which can be combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form will generally be that amount of the compound which produces a therapeutic effect. Generally, out of one hundred percent, this amount will range from about 0.1 percent to about ninety-nine percent of active ingredient, preferably from about 5 percent to about 70 percent, most preferably from about 10 percent to about 30 percent.

In certain embodiments, a formulation of the present invention comprises an excipient selected from the group consisting of cyclodextrins, celluloses, liposomes, micelle forming agents, e.g., bile acids, and polymeric carriers, e.g., polyesters and polyanhydrides; and a compound of the present invention. In certain embodiments, an aforementioned formulation renders orally bioavailable a compound of the present invention.

Methods of preparing these formulations or compositions include the step of bringing into association a compound of the present invention with the carrier and, optionally, one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association a compound of the present invention with liquid carriers, or finely divided solid carriers, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product.

Formulations of the invention suitable for oral administration may be in the form of capsules, cachets, pills, tablets, lozenges (using a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth), powders, granules, or as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil liquid emulsion, or as an elixir or syrup, or as pastilles (using an inert base, such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia) and/or as mouth washes and the like, each containing a predetermined amount of a compound of the present invention as an active ingredient. A compound of the present invention may also be administered as a bolus, electuary or paste.

In solid dosage forms of the invention for oral administration (capsules, tablets, pills, dragees, powders, granules, trouches and the like), the active ingredient is mixed with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate, and/or any of the following: (1) fillers or extenders, such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and/or silicic acid; (2) binders, such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sucrose and/or acacia; (3) humectants, such as glycerol; (4) disintegrating agents, such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate; (5) solution retarding agents, such as paraffin; (6) absorption accelerators, such as quaternary ammonium compounds and surfactants, such as poloxamer and sodium lauryl sulfate; (7) wetting agents, such as, for example, cetyl alcohol, glycerol monostearate, and non-ionic surfactants; (8) absorbents, such as kaolin and bentonite clay; (9) lubricants, such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, zinc stearate, sodium stearate, stearic acid, and mixtures thereof; (10) coloring agents; and (11) controlled release agents such as crospovidone or ethyl cellulose. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the pharmaceutical compositions may also comprise buffering agents. Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-shelled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugars, as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.

A tablet may be made by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared using binder (for example, gelatin or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose), lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, disintegrant (for example, sodium starch glycolate or cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), surface-active or dispersing agent. Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.

The tablets, and other solid dosage forms of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention, such as dragees, capsules, pills and granules, may optionally be scored or prepared with coatings and shells, such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical-formulating art. They may also be formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein using, for example, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose in varying proportions to provide the desired release profile, other polymer matrices, liposomes and/or microspheres. They may be formulated for rapid release, e.g., freeze-dried. They may be sterilized by, for example, filtration through a bacteria-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved in sterile water, or some other sterile injectable medium immediately before use. These compositions may also optionally contain opacifying agents and may be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain portion of the gastrointestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. The active ingredient can also be in micro-encapsulated form, if appropriate, with one or more of the above-described excipients.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration of the compounds of the invention include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active ingredient, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers, such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.

Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, coloring, perfuming and preservative agents.

Suspensions, in addition to the active compounds, may contain suspending agents as, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth, and mixtures thereof.

Formulations of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention for rectal or vaginal administration may be presented as a suppository, which may be prepared by mixing one or more compounds of the invention with one or more suitable nonirritating excipients or carriers comprising, for example, cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, a suppository wax or a salicylate, and which is solid at room temperature, but liquid at body temperature and, therefore, will melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.

Formulations of the present invention which are suitable for vaginal administration also include pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulations containing such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.

Dosage forms for the topical or transdermal administration of a compound of this invention include powders, sprays, ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, solutions, patches and inhalants. The active compound may be mixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, and with any preservatives, buffers, or propellants which may be required.

The ointments, pastes, creams and gels may contain, in addition to an active compound of this invention, excipients, such as animal and vegetable fats, oils, waxes, paraffins, starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures thereof.

Powders and sprays can contain, in addition to a compound of this invention, excipients such as lactose, talc, silicic acid, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicates and polyamide powder, or mixtures of these substances. Sprays can additionally contain customary propellants, such as chlorofluorohydrocarbons and volatile unsubstituted hydrocarbons, such as butane and propane.

Transdermal patches have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of a compound of the present invention to the body. Such dosage forms can be made by dissolving or dispersing the compound in the proper medium. Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound across the skin. The rate of such flux can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane or dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.

Ophthalmic formulations, eye ointments, powders, solutions and the like, are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention.

Pharmaceutical compositions of this invention suitable for parenteral administration comprise one or more compounds of the invention in combination with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable sterile isotonic aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, or sterile powders which may be reconstituted into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions just prior to use, which may contain sugars, alcohols, antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats, solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient or suspending or thickening agents.

Examples of suitable aqueous and nonaqueous carriers which may be employed in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention include water, ethanol, polyols (such as glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils, such as olive oil, and injectable organic esters, such as ethyl oleate. Proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of coating materials, such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use of surfactants.

These compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preservatives, wetting agents, emulsifying agents and dispersing agents. Prevention of the action of microorganisms upon the subject compounds may be ensured by the inclusion of various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, paraben, chlorobutanol, phenol sorbic acid, and the like. It may also be desirable to include isotonic agents, such as sugars, sodium chloride, and the like into the compositions. In addition, prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form may be brought about by the inclusion of agents which delay absorption such as aluminum monostearate and gelatin.

In some cases, in order to prolong the effect of a drug, it is desirable to slow the absorption of the drug from subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This may be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous material having poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the drug then depends upon its rate of dissolution which, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally-administered drug form is accomplished by dissolving or suspending the drug in an oil vehicle.

Injectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsule matrices of the subject compounds in biodegradable polymers such as polylactide-polyglycolide. Depending on the ratio of drug to polymer, and the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate of drug release can be controlled. Examples of other biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectable formulations are also prepared by entrapping the drug in liposomes or microemulsions which are compatible with body tissue.

When the compounds of the present invention are administered as pharmaceuticals, to humans and animals, they can be given per se or as a pharmaceutical composition containing, for example, 0.1 to 99% (more preferably, 10 to 30%) of active ingredient in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The preparations of the present invention may be given orally, parenterally, topically, or rectally. They are of course given in forms suitable for each administration route. For example, they are administered in tablets or capsule form, by injection, inhalation, eye lotion, ointment, suppository, etc. administration by injection, infusion or inhalation; topical by lotion or ointment; and rectal by suppositories. Oral administrations are preferred.

The phrases “parenteral administration” and “administered parenterally” as used herein means modes of administration other than enteral and topical administration, usually by injection, and includes, without limitation, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intrathecal, intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, intraperitoneal, transtracheal, subcutaneous, subcuticular, intraarticulare, subcapsular, subarachnoid, intraspinal and intrasternal injection and infusion.

The phrases “systemic administration,” “administered systemically,” “peripheral administration” and “administered peripherally” as used herein mean the administration of a compound, drug or other material other than directly into the central nervous system, such that it enters the patient's system and, thus, is subject to metabolism and other like processes, for example, subcutaneous administration.

These compounds may be administered to humans and other animals for therapy by any suitable route of administration, including orally, nasally, as by, for example, a spray, rectally, intravaginally, parenterally, intracisternally and topically, as by powders, ointments or drops, including buccally and sublingually.

Regardless of the route of administration selected, the compounds of the present invention, which may be used in a suitable hydrated form, and/or the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention, are formulated into pharmaceutically-acceptable dosage forms by conventional methods known to those of skill in the art.

Actual dosage levels of the active ingredients in the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be varied so as to obtain an amount of the active ingredient which is effective to achieve the desired therapeutic response for a particular patient, composition, and mode of administration, without being toxic to the patient.

The selected dosage level will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the particular compound of the present invention employed, or the ester, salt or amide thereof, the route of administration, the time of administration, the rate of excretion or metabolism of the particular compound being employed, the rate and extent of absorption, the duration of the treatment, other drugs, compounds and/or materials used in combination with the particular compound employed, the age, sex, weight, condition, general health and prior medical history of the patient being treated, and like factors well known in the medical arts.

A physician or veterinarian having ordinary skill in the art can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition required. For example, the physician or veterinarian could start doses of the compounds of the invention employed in the pharmaceutical composition at levels lower than that required in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and gradually increase the dosage until the desired effect is achieved.

In general, a suitable daily dose of a compound of the invention will be that amount of the compound which is the lowest dose effective to produce a therapeutic effect. Such an effective dose will generally depend upon the factors described above. Generally, oral, intravenous, intracerebroventricular and subcutaneous doses of the compounds of this invention for a patient, when used for the indicated analgesic effects, will range from about 0.0001 to about 100 mg per kilogram of body weight per day.

In certain embodiments, a dose of a compound or a composition is administered to a subject every day, every other day, every couple of days, every third day, once a week, twice a week, three times a week, or once every two weeks. If desired, the effective daily dose of the active compound may be administered as two, three, four, five, six or more sub-doses administered separately at appropriate intervals throughout the day, optionally, in unit dosage forms. In some embodiments, a dose(s) of a compound or a composition is administered for 2 days, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 14 days, or 21 days. In certain embodiments, a dose of a compound or a composition is administered for 1 month, 1.5 months, 2 months, 2.5 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months or more.

The above-described administration schedules are provided for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered limiting. A person of ordinary skill in the art will readily understand that all doses are within the scope of the invention.

While it is possible for a compound of the present invention to be administered alone, it is preferable to administer the compound as a pharmaceutical formulation (composition).

The patient receiving this treatment is any animal in need, including primates, in particular humans, and other mammals such as equines, cattle, swine and sheep; and poultry and pets in general.

The compound of the invention can be administered as such or in admixtures with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and can also be administered in conjunction with antimicrobial agents such as penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and glycopeptides. Conjunctive therapy, thus includes sequential, simultaneous and separate administration of the active compound in a way that the therapeutical effects of the first administered one is not entirely disappeared when the subsequent is administered.

The addition of the active compound of the invention to animal feed is preferably accomplished by preparing an appropriate feed premix containing the active compound in an effective amount and incorporating the premix into the complete ration.

Alternatively, an intermediate concentrate or feed supplement containing the active ingredient can be blended into the feed. The way in which such feed premixes and complete rations can be prepared and administered are described in reference books (such as “Applied Animal Nutrition”, W.H. Freedman and CO., San Francisco, U.S.A., 1969 or “Livestock Feeds and Feeding” 0 and B books, Corvallis, Ore., U.S.A., 1977).

Microemulsification technology may be employed to improve bioavailability of lipophilic (water insoluble) pharmaceutical agents. Examples include Trimetrine (Dordunoo, S. K., et al., Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 17(12), 1685-1713, 1991) and REV 5901 (Sheen, P. C., et al., J Pharm Sci 80(7), 712-714, 1991). Among other things, microemulsification provides enhanced bioavailability by preferentially directing absorption to the lymphatic system instead of the circulatory system, which thereby bypasses the liver, and prevents destruction of the compounds in the hepatobiliary circulation.

In one aspect of invention, the formulations contain micelles formed from a compound of the present invention and at least one amphiphilic carrier, in which the micelles have an average diameter of less than about 100 nm. More preferred embodiments provide micelles having an average diameter less than about 50 nm, and even more preferred embodiments provide micelles having an average diameter less than about 30 nm, or even less than about 20 nm.

While all suitable amphiphilic carriers are contemplated, the presently preferred carriers are generally those that have Generally-Recognized-as-Safe (GRAS) status, and that can both solubilize the compound of the present invention and microemulsify it at a later stage when the solution comes into a contact with a complex water phase (such as one found in human gastro-intestinal tract). Usually, amphiphilic ingredients that satisfy these requirements have HLB (hydrophilic to lipophilic balance) values of 2-20, and their structures contain straight chain aliphatic radicals in the range of C-6 to C-20. Examples are polyethylene-glycolized fatty glycerides and polyethylene glycols.

Particularly preferred amphiphilic carriers are saturated and monounsaturated polyethyleneglycolyzed fatty acid glycerides, such as those obtained from fully or partially hydrogenated various vegetable oils. Such oils may advantageously consist of tri-, di- and mono-fatty acid glycerides and di- and mono-polyethyleneglycol esters of the corresponding fatty acids, with a particularly preferred fatty acid composition including capric acid 4-10, capric acid 3-9, lauric acid 40-50, myristic acid 14-24, palmitic acid 4-14 and stearic acid 5-15%. Another useful class of amphiphilic carriers includes partially esterified sorbitan and/or sorbitol, with saturated or mono-unsaturated fatty acids (SPAN-series) or corresponding ethoxylated analogs (TWEEN-series).

Commercially available amphiphilic carriers are particularly contemplated, including Gelucire-series, Labrafil, Labrasol, or Lauroglycol (all manufactured and distributed by Gattefosse Corporation, Saint Priest, France), PEG-mono-oleate, PEG-di-oleate, PEG-mono-laurate and di-laurate, Lecithin, Polysorbate 80, etc (produced and distributed by a number of companies in USA and worldwide).

Hydrophilic polymers suitable for use in the present invention are those which are readily water-soluble, can be covalently attached to a vesicle-forming lipid, and which are tolerated in vivo without toxic effects (i.e., are biocompatible). Suitable polymers include polyethylene glycol (PEG), polylactic (also termed polylactide), polyglycolic acid (also termed polyglycolide), a polylactic-polyglycolic acid copolymer, and polyvinyl alcohol. Preferred polymers are those having a molecular weight of from about 100 or 120 daltons up to about 5,000 or 10,000 daltons, and more preferably from about 300 daltons to about 5,000 daltons. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the polymer is polyethyleneglycol having a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 5,000 daltons, and more preferably having a molecular weight of from about 300 to about 5,000 daltons. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the polymer is polyethyleneglycol of 750 daltons (PEG(750)). The polymers used in the present invention have a significantly smaller molecular weight, approximately 100 daltons, compared to the large MW of 5000 daltons or greater that used in standard pegylation techniques. Polymers may also be defined by the number of monomers therein; a preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes polymers of at least about three monomers, such PEG polymers consisting of three monomers (approximately 150 daltons).

Other hydrophilic polymers which may be suitable for use in the present invention include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethoxazoline, polyethyloxazoline, polyhydroxypropyl methacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polydimethylacrylamide, and derivatized celluloses such as hydroxymethylcellulose or hydroxyethylcellulose.

In certain embodiments, a formulation of the present invention comprises a biocompatible polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polycarbonates, polyalkylenes, polymers of acrylic and methacrylic esters, polyvinyl polymers, polyglycolides, polysiloxanes, polyurethanes and co-polymers thereof, celluloses, polypropylene, polyethylenes, polystyrene, polymers of lactic acid and glycolic acid, polyanhydrides, poly(ortho)esters, poly(butic acid), poly(valeric acid), poly(lactide-co-caprolactone), polysaccharides, proteins, polyhyaluronic acids, polycyanoacrylates, and blends, mixtures, or copolymers thereof.

The release characteristics of a formulation of the present invention depend on the encapsulating material, the concentration of encapsulated drug, and the presence of release modifiers. For example, release can be manipulated to be pH dependent, for example, using a pH sensitive coating that releases only at a low pH, as in the stomach, or a higher pH, as in the intestine. An enteric coating can be used to prevent release from occurring until after passage through the stomach. Multiple coatings or mixtures of cyanamide encapsulated in different materials can be used to obtain an initial release in the stomach, followed by later release in the intestine. Release can also be manipulated by inclusion of salts or pore forming agents, which can increase water uptake or release of drug by diffusion from the capsule. Excipients which modify the solubility of the drug can also be used to control the release rate. Agents which enhance degradation of the matrix or release from the matrix can also be incorporated. They can be added to the drug, added as a separate phase (i.e., as particulates), or can be co-dissolved in the polymer phase depending on the compound. In all cases the amount should be between 0.1 and thirty percent (w/w polymer). Types of degradation enhancers include inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride, organic acids such as citric acid, benzoic acid, and ascorbic acid, inorganic bases such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate, and zinc hydroxide, and organic bases such as protamine sulfate, spermine, choline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine and surfactants such as Tween®. and Pluronic®. Pore forming agents which add microstructure to the matrices (i.e., water soluble compounds such as inorganic salts and sugars) are added as particulates. The range should be between one and thirty percent (w/w polymer).

Uptake can also be manipulated by altering residence time of the particles in the gut. This can be achieved, for example, by coating the particle with, or selecting as the encapsulating material, a mucosal adhesive polymer. Examples include most polymers with free carboxyl groups, such as chitosan, celluloses, and especially polyacrylates (as used herein, polyacrylates refers to polymers including acrylate groups and modified acrylate groups such as cyanoacrylates and methacrylates).

The above-described administration schedules are provided for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered limiting. A person of ordinary skill in the art will readily understand that all doses are within the scope of the invention.

Compounds of the invention can be advantageously administered with second agents to patients in need thereof. When a rho-kinase inhibitor is administered with a second agent, the rho-kinase inhibitor and the second agent can be adminstered sequentially or concomitantly. Sequentially means that one agent is administered for a time followed by administration of the second agent, which may be followed by administration of the first agent. When agents are administered sequentially, the level or one agent may not be maintained at a therapeutically effective level when the second agent is administered, and vice versa. Concomitantly means that the first and second agent are administered according to a schedule that maintains both agents at an substantially therapeutically effective level, even though the agents are not administered simultaneously. Each agent can be administered in single or multiple doses, and the doses can be administered on any schedule, including, without limitation, twice daily, daily, weekly, every two weeks, and monthly.

The invention also includes adjunctive administration. Adjunctive administration means that a second agent is administered to a patient in addition to a first agent that is already being administered to treat a disease or disease symptom. In some embodiments, adjunctive administration involves administering a second agent to a patient in which administration of the first agent did not sufficiently treat a disease or disease symptom. In other embodiments, adjunctive administration involves administration of the second agent to a patient whose disease has been effectively treated by administration of the first agent, with the expectation that the adjunctive treatment improves the outcome of the treatment. In some embodiments, the effect of administering the first and second agents is synergistic. In some embodiments, administration of the first and second agents prevents or lengthens the time until relapse, compared to administration of either of the agents alone. In some embodiments, administration of the first and second agents allows for reduced dosage and/or frequency of administration of the first and second agent.

In an embodiment of the invention, a rho-kinase inhibitor of the invention is administered and an anti-neoplastic agent are administered to a subject in need thereof. In another embodiment, a rho-kinase inhibitor of the invention and an angiogenesis inhibitor are administered to a subject in need thereof. In another embodiment, a rho-kinase inhibitor of the invention and an anti-inflammatory agent are administered to a subject in need thereof. In yet another embodiment, a rho-kinase inhibitor of the invention and an immunosuppressant are administered. The second agent can be, without limitation, a small molecule, an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, or radiation.

Antineoplastic agents include, without limitation, cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, targeted small molecules and biological molecules, and radiation. Compounds and agents that can be administered for oncological treatment, in addition to a rho kinase inhibitor of the invention, include the following: irinotecan, etoposide, camptothecin, 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, tamoxifen, paclitaxel, capcitabine, carboplatin, cisplatin, bleomycin, dactomycin, gemcitabine, doxorubicin, danorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and radiotherapy, which can be external (e.g., external beam radiation therapy (EBRT)) or internal (e.g., brachytherapy (BT)).

Targeted small molecules and biological molecules include, without limitation, inhibitors of components of signal transduction pathways, such as modulators of tyrosine kinases and inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases, and agents that bind to tumor-specific antigens. Examples include inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), including gefitinib, erlotinib, and cetuximab, inhibitors of HER2 (e.g., trastuzumab, trastuzumab emtansine (trastuzumab-DM1; T-DM1) and pertuzumab), anti-VEGF antibodies and fragments (e.g., bevacizumab), antibodies that inhibit CD20 (e.g., rituximab, ibritumomab), anti-VEGFR antibodies (e.g., ramucirumab (IMC-1121B), IMC-1C11, and CDP791), anti-PDGFR antibodies, and imatinib. Small molecule kinase inhibitors can be specific for a particular tyrosine kinase or be inhibitors of two or more kinases. For example, the compound N-(3,4-dichloro-2-fluorophenyl)-7-({[(3aR,6aS)-2-methyloctahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrol-5-yl]methyl}oxy)-6-(methyloxy)quinazolin-4-amine (also known as XL647, EXEL-7647 and KD-019) is an in vitro inhibitor of several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including EGFR, EphB4, KDR (VEGFR), Flt4 (VEGFR3) and ErbB2, and is also an inhibitor of the SRC kinase, which is involved in pathways that result in nonresponsiveness of tumors to certain TKIs. In an embodiment of the invention, treatment of a subject in need comprises administration of a rho-kinase inhibitor of Formula I and administration of KD-019.

Dasatinib (BMS-354825; Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York) is another orally bioavailable, ATP-site competitive Src inhibitor. Dasatanib also targets Bcr-Abl (FDA-approved for use in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)) as well as c-Kit, PDGFR, c-FMS, EphA2, and Src family kinases. Two other oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor of Src and Bcr-Abl are bosutinib (SKI-606) and saracatinib (AZD0530).

According to the invention, angiogenesis inhibitors can be administered to a subject in conjunction with compounds of the invention. Angiogenesis inhibitors include any substance that inhibits the growth of new blood vessels. For example, angiogenesis inhibitors include antagonists of VEGF, PlGF, and VEGF receptors, including the antibodies disclosed herein. By inhibitor is meant an inhibitor of a biological process or inhibitor of a target. In this regard, an angiogenesis inhibitor is an agent that reduces angiogenesis. A Rho-kinase inhibitor is an agent, such as a competitive inhibitor of ATP binding, that inhibits an intrinsic activity or blocks an interaction of Rho-kinase. By antagonist is meant a substance that reduces or inhibits an activity or function in a cell associated with a target. For example, a VEGF antagonist reduces or blocks a function in a cell that is associated with VEGF. A VEGF antagonist may act on VEGF, by binding to VEGF and blocking binding to its receptors and/or may act on another cellular component involved in VEGF-mediated signal transduction. Similarly, a VEGFR2 antagonist is an agent that reduces or blocks VEGFR2-mediated signal transduction by binding to VEGFR2 and blocking ligand binding or interaction with a VEGFR2 substrate, or acts on another cellular component to reduce or block VEGFR2-mediated signal transduction. Thus, angiogenesis inhibitors include novel anti-VEGFR2 antibodies set forth herein (FIG. 11), and antagonists of, without limitation, VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, PDGF, PDGFR-β, neuropilin-1 (NRP1), and complement.

Non-limiting examples of VEGF-binding agents include VEGF antibodies and VEGF traps (i.e., ligand binding domains of VEGF receptors. In general, a VEGF trap is a protein that comprises VEGF binding domains of one or more VEGF receptor protein. VEGF-traps include, without limitation, soluble VEGFR-1, soluble neuropilin 1 (NRP1), soluble VEGFR-3 (which binds VEGF-C and VEGF-D), and aflibercept (Zaltrap; Eyelea; VEGF Trap R1R2), comprised of segments of the extracellular domains of human vascular endothelial growth factor receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 fused to the constant region (Fc) of human IgG1. Conbercept (KH902) is a fusion protein which contains the extracellular domain 2 of VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and extracellular domain 3, 4 of VEGFR-2 (KDR) fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1. Several VEGF traps containing KDR and FLT-1 Ig-like domains in various combinations are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,216,575. DARPins (an acronym for designed ankyrin repeat proteins) are genetically engineered antibody mimetic proteins typically exhibiting highly specific and high-affinity target protein binding. DARPin® MP0112 is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor and has entered clinical trials for the treatment of wet macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema.

According to the invention, VEGF expression can be targeted. For example, VEGF inhibitor PTC299 targets VEGF post-transcriptionally by selectively binding the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTR) of VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA), thereby preventing translation of VEGF. Pegaptanib (Macugen) is an RNA aptamer directed against VEGF-165.

Placental growth factor (PlGF) has been implicated in pathological angiogenesis. PlGF is structurally related to VEGF and is also a ligand for VEGFR-1. Consequently, VEGF traps comprising the extracellular domain of VEGFR1 (see above) are useful for targeting PlGF.

PDGF is composed of four polypeptide chains that form homodimers PDGF-AA, BB, CC, and DD as well as the heterodimer PDGF-AB. The PDGF receptors (PDGFR) −α and −β mediate PDGF functions. Specifically, PDGFRα binds to PDGF-AA, -BB, -AB, and -CC, whereas PDGFRβ interacts with -BB and -DD. Non-limiting examples of PDGF-binding agents include anti-PDGF antibodies and PDGF traps. Agents that target PDGF include Fovista™ (E10030, Ophthotech), a pegylated aptamer targeting PDGF-B, and AX102 (Sennino et al., 2007, Cancer Res. 75(15):7359-67), a DNA oligonucleotide aptamer that binds PDGF-B.

Agents that target PDGF receptors include ramucirumab (IMC-3G3, human IgG₁) an anti-PDGFRα antibody, crenolanib (CP-868596), a selective inhibitor of PDGFRα (IC₅₀=0.9 nM) and PDGFRβ (IC₅₀=1.8 nM), and nilotinib (Tasigna®), an inhibitor of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ and other tyrosine kinases.

Angiogenesis inhibitors include intracellular agents that block signal transduction mediated by, for example, VEGF, PDGF, ligands of VEGF or PDGF receptors, or complement. Intracellular agents that inhibit angiogenesis inhibitors include the following, without limitation. Sunitinib (Sutent; SU11248) is a panspecific small-molecule inhibitor of VEGFR1-VEGFR3, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ, stem cell factor receptor (cKIT), Flt-3, and colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R). Axitinib (AG013736; Inlyta) is another small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits VEGFR-1-VEGFR-3, PDGFR, and cKIT. Cediranib (AZD2171) is an inhibitor of VEGFR-1-VEGFR-3, PDGFRβ, and cKIT. Sorafenib (Nexavar) is another small molecular inhibitor of several tyrosine protein kinases, including VEGFR, PDGFR, and Raf kinases. Pazopanib (Votrient; (GW786034) inhibits VEGFR-1, -2 and -3, cKIT and PDGFR. Foretinib (GSK1363089; XL880) inhibits VEGFR2 and MET. CP-547632 is as a potent inhibitor of the VEGFR-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) kinases. E-3810 ((6-(7-((1-aminocyclopropyl) methoxy)-6-methoxyquinolin-4-yloxy)-N-methyl-1-naphthamide) inhibits VEGFR-1, -2, and -3 and FGFR-1 and -2 kinases in the nanomolar range. Brivanib (BMS-582664) is a VEGFR-2 inhibitor that also inhibits FGF receptor signaling. CT-322 (Adnectin) is a small protein based on a human fibronectin domain and binds to and inhibits activation of VEGFR2. Vandetanib (Caprelas; Zactima; ZD6474) is an inhibitor of VEGFR2, EGFR, and RET tyrosine kinases. X-82 (Xcovery) is a small molecule indolinone inhibitor of signaling through the growth factor receptors VEGFR and PDGFR

Anti-inflammatories and immunosuppressants include steroid drugs such as glucocorticoids (e.g., dexamethasone), FK506 (tacrolimus), ciclosporin, fingolimod, interferon, such as IFNβ or IFNγ, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) binding protein such as infliximab (Remicade), etanercept (Enbrel), or adalimumab (Humira), and mycophenolic acid.

In certain embodiments, ROCK inhibitors of the invention are coadministered with agents used to treat metabolic disorders. For example, for treatment of obesity, the ROCK inhibitors may be combined with weight loss drugs such as, but not limited to, phentermine, fat adsorption inhibitors (e.g., Xenical), appetite suppressants, and the like. Procedures used to assist weight loss include, for example, stomach bands, stomach bypass or stapling. For insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome or hyperinsulinemia, ROCK inhibitors of the invention can be coadministered with compounds that lower cholesterol levels, for example, one or more medicines such as statins, fibrates, or nicotinic acid. For high blood pressure associated with such diseases, ROCK inhibitors of the invention can be coadministered with, for example, one or more antihypertensive medicines such as diuretics or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. ROCK inhibitors of the invention can be administered in a treatment program that includes lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity, an improved diet, and/or quitting smoking. In certain embodiments, the ROCK inhibitor is ROCK2 selective.

Th17 cells are novel subset of helper CD4⁺ T cells that secrete IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22. The pro-inflammatory activity of Th17 cells can be beneficial to the host during infection, but uncontrolled Th17 function has been linked and actively involved in several autoimmune pathologies and development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a disease characterized by selective epithelial damage to target organs that is mediated by mature T cells present in the stem cell or bone marrow inoculums. Indeed, high levels of IL-17 are detected in the sera and biopsies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients which correlates with destruction of synovial tissue and disease activity. The pathological role of IL-17 in arthritic joints is associated with its stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and increased recruitment of T cells and innate immune cells. Moreover, numbers of Th17 cells are significantly increased in the peripheral blood of RA patients as well as elevated concentrations of IL-17 were seen in supernatants of their PBMCs after stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies ex vivo. In addition, in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, myelin reactive Th17 cells are also enriched and produce high amounts of IL-22 and IFN-γ. Further, a significantly higher number of IL-17⁺ cells is detected in disease-affected gut areas compared to healthy areas of the same subjects with Crohn's disease (CD).

The development and function of Th17 cells depends on activation of specific intracellular signaling pathways. The steroid receptor-type nuclear receptor RORγt is selectively expressed in Th17 cells and appears to be required for IL-17 production. The induction of RORγt has been observed to be mediated by IL-6, IL-21 and IL-23 via a STAT3-dependent mechanism. STAT3 also binds directly to the IL-17 and IL-21 promoters. In addition to RORγt and STAT3, the interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is required for the differentiation of Th17 cells since IRF4 KO mice failed to mount Th17 response and were resistant to development of autoimmune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that phosphorylation of IRF4 by Rho-kinase 2 (ROCK2) regulates IL-17 and IL-21 production and development of autoimmunity in mice.

According to the invention, targeting Th17 (IL-17-secreting) cells by rho-kinase inhibition provides a method for treating Th17 cell-mediated diseases, including but not limited to autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic luypus srythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis, eczema, and GVHD in humans. In an embodiment of the invention, the Rho-kinase inhibitor is a compound of Formula I. In some embodiments, the rho-kinase inhibitor inhibits ROCK1 and ROCK2. In some embodiments, the rho-kinase inhibitor selectively inhibits ROCK2. Selective inhibition of ROCK2 provides for treatment of Th17 cell-mediated diseases and reduces or prevents toxicities associated with complete inhibition of ROCK activity.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the maintenance of immunological tolerance to self-antigens and inhibition of autoimmune responses, but, at the same time, prevent an effective immune response against tumor cells. Indeed, Tregs isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS), show a defect in their ability to suppress effector T cell function, while increased accumulation of Tregs correlates with a poor prognosis in many cancers. Thus, the level of Treg function effects a balance between effective immunity and avoidance of pathological autoreactivity.

The development and function of Tregs depend on activation of specific signaling transduction pathways. TGF-β and IL-2 activate expression of Foxp3 and STAT5 transcription factors that both play an essential role in the control of Treg suppressive function. On the other hand, pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibit Foxp3 expression via up-regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation. According to the invention, pharmacological inhibition of ROCK2 (e.g., with selective ROCK2 inhibitors such as KD025, ROCK2-specific siRNA-mediated inhibition of ROCK2), but not ROCK1, leads to down-regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation, interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and steroid receptor-type nuclear receptor RORγt protein levels in human T cells. Thus, ROCK2 signaling pathway might be involved in regulation of Treg function.

It is to be understood and expected that variations in the principles of invention herein disclosed may be made by one skilled in the art and it is intended that such modifications are to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Throughout this application, various publications are referenced. These publications are hereby incorporated into this application by reference in their entireties to more fully describe the state of the art to which this invention pertains. The following examples further illustrate the invention, but should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

EXAMPLES

Abbreviations used in the following examples and preparations include:

-   -   Ac₂O acetic anhydride     -   AcOH acetic acid     -   Bn Benzyl     -   Celite® diatomaceous earth     -   DCM dichloromethane     -   DIEA di-isopropylethylamine     -   DMAP 4-dimethylamino pyridine     -   DME 1,2-dimethoxylethane     -   DMF dimethylformamide     -   DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide     -   EDC 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodimide hydrochloride     -   EtOAc ethyl acetate     -   EtOH ethyl alcohol or ethanol     -   Et₂O ethyl ether     -   Et₃N triethylamine     -   g grams     -   HOBt 1-hydroxybenzotriazole     -   HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography     -   h hour(s)     -   MeCN acetonitrile     -   min minute(s)     -   MeOH methyl alcohol or methanol     -   mL milliliter     -   mmol millimoles     -   MS mass spectrometry     -   NMR nuclear magnetic resonance     -   iPrOH iso-propanol     -   PyBOP® benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium     -   rt room temperature     -   s singlet     -   t triplet     -   THF tetrahydrofuran

Mass spectrometry was conducted by: SynPep Co., 6905 Ct. Dublin, Calif. 94568, or it was recorded on an LC-MS: Waters 2695 Separations Module with a Waters ZQ2000 single quadrapole MS detector. Unless stated all mass spectrometry was run in ESI mode. ¹H NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian 400 MHz machine using Mercury software. In so far the synthesis of the following examples of compounds of the present invention is not explicitely described in such example, the synthesis is as described herein in general terms and the appropriate starting material can be easily selected for synthesizing the compound of the example.

Example 1 2-Bromo-N-isoopropylacetamide

A solution of iso-propyl amine (5.0 g, 7.20 mL, 84.6 mmol) in 63 mL of DCM was cooled to −10° C. To this was added a solution of a-bromoacetylbromide (8.53 g, 3.68 mL, 42.3 mmol) in 10.5 mL of DCM. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 min. The iso-propylammonium hydrobromide was filtered from the mixture and the filtrate then concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a white solid (5.30 g, 70%).

Example 2 N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide

A mixture of 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol (0.50 g, 2.27 mmol), 2-bromo-N-isoopropylacetamide (0.61 g, 3.41 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (0.47 g, 3.41 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was stirred at rt followed by addition of ice water. The precipitate was filtered and washed with water and dried to provide the title compound (0.32 g, 44%).

Example 3 tert-Butyl 5-((2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of 2,4-dichloropyrimidine (1.99 g, 13.4 mmol), tert-butyl 5-amino-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (3.4 g, 14.7 mmol), DIEA (3 mL), and DMF (13 mL) was stirred at 65° C. for 7 h, concentrated in vacuo, and titurated with Et₂O. The precipitate was filtered and washed with IPA and dried to provide the title compound (1.83 g, 40%).

Example 4 tert-Butyl 5-((2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-((2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.29 mmol), N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (130 mg, 0.41 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂.CH₂Cl₂ (20 mg, 0.02 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (80 mg, 0.58 mmol) in dioxane/water (10 and 2 mL) was heated in microwave for 30 min. The reaction was worked up and purified by chromatography to provide the title compound (176 mg, 35%).

Example 5 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide HCl salt

tert-Butyl 5-((2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate was taken up in 4 M HCl in dioxane and stirred at rt for 2 h. The volatiles were removed in vacuo to give the title compound as HCl salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ12.6 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H), 3.93 (m, 1H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 6.75 (d, J=6 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.59 (m, 3H), 7.87-7.91 (m, 3H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 10.19 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 13.10 (s, 1H). MS (ES+) m/e 403 (M+H)⁺.

Example 6 tert-butyl 2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetate

3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol, tert-butyl 2-bromoacetate

A mixture of 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol (4 g, 18.2 mmol), tert-butyl 2-bromoacetate (5.7 g, 27.3 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (3.44 g, 27.3 mmol) in CH₃CN (100 mL) was stirred at 70° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and removed to give a residue. The residue was purified by column chromatograph to give the title compound (4 g, 67%) as a white solid.

Example 7 N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

A mixture of compound 2,4-dichloropyrimidine (14.8 g, 0.1 mol), 1H-indazol-5-amine (14.6 g, 110 mmol) and Et₃N (15 g, 150 mmol) in EtOH (200 mL) was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was cooled and filtered. The filtered cake was collected and dried to give compound 5 (15 g, 60%) as a solid.

Example 8 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a mixture of N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (7.35 g, 30 mmol), Boc₂O (18.9 g, 90 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (150 mL) was added DMAP (3.6 g, 30 mmol) at 0° C. during 5 min. After 0.5 hr, the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was washed with water, dried over Na₂SO₄ and removed to give a residue, which was purified by gel column chromatograph to give the title compound (6 g, 67%) as a white solid.

Example 9 tert-butyl 5-((2-(3-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (4 g, 8.9 mmol), tert-butyl 2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetate (3.3 g, 10 mmol), KOAc (35 g, 360 mmol), Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (400 mg) and Boc₂O (3.9 g, 18 mmol) in dioxane/water (10/1, 100 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 3 days. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and removed to give a residue, which was purified by gel column chromatograph to give the title compound (3 g, 54%) as a solid.

Example 10 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetic acid

A mixture of compound tert-butyl 5-((2-(3-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (2 g) and CF₃COOH (20 mL) in DCM (20 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 2 hrs. The solvent was removed to give the title compound (1.5 g) as a yellow solid.

Example 11 (S)-tert-butyl 3-(2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

A mixture of 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetic acid (600 mg, 1.66 mmol), 3-amino-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (300 mg, 1.62 mmol), HATU (760 mg, 2 mmol) and Et₃N (250 mg, 2 mmol) in DMF (18 mL) was stirred at 25° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by HPLC to provide the title compound (300 mg, 50%) as a solid.

Example 12

(R)-2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)acetamide HCl salt

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ1.84-1.96 (m, 1H), 2.07-2.19 (m, 1H), 3.07-3.38 (m, 4H), 4.40-4.42 (m, 1H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.90-7.94 (m, 2H), 8.14-8.29 (m, 2H), 8.66 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 9.39-9.80 (m, 3H), 11.87 (s, 1H). MS (ES+) m/e 430 (M+H)⁺.

Example 13

(R)-2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)acetamide HCl salt

A mixture of compound 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetic acid (500 mg, 1.39 mmol), NH₄Cl (125 mg, 2 mmol), HATU (720 mg, 1.89 mmol) and Et₃N (200 mg, 2 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was stirred at 25° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by HPLC to provide the title compound (60.1 mg, 12%) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ4.52 (s, 2H), 6.78 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (dd, J=9.6 and 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.62 (m, 5H), 7.84-7.87 (m, 2H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 10.35 (s, 1H). MS (ES+) m/e 361 (M+H)⁺.

Example 14 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-1-(1,1-dioxidothiomorpholino)ethanone TFA salt

A mixture of compound 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetic acid (500 mg, 1.39 mmol), thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide (375 mg, 2.2 mmol), HATU (720 mg, 1.89 mmol) and Et3N (200 mg, 2 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was stirred at 25° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by pre-HPLC to give the title compound (54.6 mg, 10%) as a solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ3.11 (b, 2H), 3.30 (b, 2H), 3.85 (b, 4H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 6.76 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J=8.0 and 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.12 (b, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 10.26 (s, 1H). MS (ES+) m/e 479 (M+H)+.

Example 15 N-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide

To a mixture of triphosgene (600 mg, 2 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was dropped a solution of 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (836 mg, 4 mmol) and Et₃N (1.2 g, 12 mmol) in THF (10 mL) during 10 min at 40° C. After 0.5 hr, morpholine (435 mg, 5 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. After 15 min, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH₄Cl, extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by gel column chromatography to give the title compound (530 mg, 50%) as a white solid.

Example 16 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(morpholine-4-carboxamido)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (300 mg, 0.7 mmol), N-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide (250 mg, 0.8 mmol), CsF (510 mg, 3 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (120 mg) and Boc₂O (432 mg, 2 mmol) in dioxane/water (10/1, 10 mL) was stirred at 130° C. under microwave for 20 min. Three pots were combined. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatograph to give the title compound (360 mg).

Example 17 N-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide HCl salt

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(morpholine-4-carboxamido)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (360 mg, crude) in MeOH/HCl (4M, 20 mL) was stirred at 25° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give title compound (68 mg) as an HCl salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ3.49 (s, 4H), 3.62 (s, 4H), 7.14 (b, 1H), 7.50 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.65 (m, 3H), 7.88 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 8.28 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (b, 1H), 8.68 (s, 1H), 9.00 (s, 1H), 11.77 (s, 1H). MS (ES+) m/e 416 (M+H)⁺.

Example 18 Methyl 3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoate

A mixture of N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (3.7 g, 15 mmol), 3-methoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid (3.3 g, 18 mmol), K₂CO₃ (4.14 g, 30 mmol) and Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (700 mg) in dioxane/water (4/1, 75 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 16 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give the title compound (7 g, crude) which was carried out directly for next step reaction without further purification.

Example 19 3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid

To a mixture of methyl 3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoate (7 g, crude) in dioxane (120 mL) was added NaOH (2M, 120 mL). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1.5 h and was then cooled to rt and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The aqueous phase was separated and acidified with HCl (6M). The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was collected, dried to give the title compound (1.3 g, crude) used for the next step reaction directly.

Example 20 3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)-N-(1,1-dioxidotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl)benzamide TFA salt

To the mixture of 3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid (400 mg, 1.2 mmol), 4-aminotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran 1,1-dioxide (300 mg, 1.4 mmol), HATU (720 mg, 1.89 mmol) and Et₃N (200 mg, 2 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was stirred at 25° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by HPLC to give the title compound (81 mg, 20%) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ2.19-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.33 (m, 2H), 3.12-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.38 (m, 2H), 4.23-4.28 (m, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.76 (m, 3H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H). MS (ES+) m/e 463 (M+H)⁺.

Example 21 tert-Butyl 4-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate

A mixture of 3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid (400 mg, 1.2 mmol), 4-amino-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (300 mg, 1.5 mmol), HATU (720 mg, 1.89 mmol) and Et₃N (200 mg, 2 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was stirred at 25° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by HPLC to provide the title compound (200 mg, 30%) as a solid.

Example 22 3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide HCl salt

A mixture of tert-butyl 4-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate (200 mg) in HCl in MeOH (5 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 3 h. The solvent was removed to provide the title compound (150 mg) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ1.79-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.98-2.01 (m, 2H), 3.01-3.04 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.69 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (t, J=8 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.90 (s, 1H), 8.96 (s, 1H), 11.73 (s, 1H). MS (ES+) m/e 414 (M+H)⁺.

Example 23 N-(2-chloro-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

To a mixture of compound 2,4-dichloro-5-methylpyrimidine (5 g, 30.8 mmol) and 5-aminoindazole (4.1 g, 30.8 mmol) in anhydrous ethanol (100 mL) was added Na₂CO₃ (16 g, 154 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 80° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo followed by by column chromatography on silica gel (eluted with DCM:MeOH=50:1) to provide the title compound (7 g, yield 87%) as a brown solid.

Example 24 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloro-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a solution of N-(2-chloro-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (5 g, 19.3 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (100 mL) was added Boc₂O (12.6 g, 57.9 mmol), TEA (5.85 g, 57.9 mmol) and DMAP (1.17 g, 9.56 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was removed in vacuo followed by purification by column chromatograph on silica gel (eluted with PE:EA=10:1) to give compound the title compound (5 g, yield 56%) as a white solid.

Example 25 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(2-(cyclopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a mixture of compound tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloro-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (1.9 g, 4.14 mmol), compound N-cyclopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (1.57 g, 4.97 mmol) and CsF (1.89 g, 12.42 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL) and water (5 mL) was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (239 mg, 0.21 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 100° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluted with PE:EA=5:1) to provide the title compound (1.6 g, yield 62%) as a yellow solid.

Example 26 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide hydrochloride

To a solution of compound tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(2-(cyclopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (500 mg, 0.81 mmol) in EtOAc (2 mL) was added HCl/EtOAc (10 mL) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The formed precipitated was filtered and washed with EtOAc, dried in vacuo to afford the title compound (300 mg, yield 89%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ0.50-0.54 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.75 (m, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.66-2.71 (m, 1H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 7.27 (dd, J=8.4 and 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 8.04 (s, 2H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H). MS (ES+) m/e 451 (M+H)⁺.

Example 27 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(2-((1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a mixture of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloro-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (1.4 g, 3.05 mmol), tert-butyl 4-(2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.68 g, 3.66 mmol) and CsF (1.39 g, 9.15 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL) and water (5 mL) was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (176 mg, 0.15 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 100° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluted with PE:EA=1:1) to afford the title compound (1.1 g, yield 47%) as a yellow solid.

Example 28 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)acetamide hydrochloride

To a solution of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(2-((1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (700 mg, 0.92 mmol) in EtOAc (2 mL) was added HCl/EtOAc (10 mL) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The formed precipitated was filtered and washed with EtOAc, dried in vacuo to afford the title compound (230 mg, yield 54%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ1.73-1.84 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 3.02-3.09 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.99-4.05 (m, 1H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 7.30 (dd, J=8.4 and 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67-7.74 (m, 4H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H). MS (ES+) m/e 494 (M+H)⁺.

Example 29 tert-butyl 2-(3-bromophenoxy)acetate

To a solution of 3-bromophenol (5 g, 28.9 mmol) in MeCN (100 mL) was added t-butyl bromoacetate (6.76 g, 34.7 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (5.98 g, 43.3 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 80° C. overnight under nitrogen. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (PE:EA=50:1) to give the title compound (7 g, yield 84%) as a oil liquid.

Example 30 2-(3-bromophenoxy)acetyl chloride

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-bromophenoxy)acetate (4.6 g, 16 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (50 mL) was added TFA (18 g, 0.16 mol) and stirred at room temperature overnight. After TLC showed the reaction was completed, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to get a crude acid. The acid was dissolved in anhydrous DCM (50 mL), oxalyl chloride (2.44 g, 19.2 mmol) and DMF (0.2 mL) were added into the solution. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a white solid, which was used for next step reaction without further purification.

Example 31 2-(3-bromophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide

To a solution of 2-(3-bromophenoxy)acetyl chloride (2.3 g, 9.24 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (30 mL) was added triethylamine (2.8 g, 27.7 mmol) and cyclopropylamine (632 mg, 11.1 mmol) at 0° C. Then the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluted with PE:EA=5:1) to give the title compound (1.95 g, yield 78%) as a white solid.

Example 32 N-cyclopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide

To a mixture of 2-(3-bromophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide (1.95 g, 7.25 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (2.76 g, 10.87 mmol) and KOAc (2.13 g, 21.7 mmol) in DMSO (20 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂-DCM (265 mg, 0.36 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 100° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluted with PE:EA=10:1) to provide the title compound (1.4 g, yield 60%) as a white solid.

Example 33 tert-butyl 4-(2-(3-bromophenoxy)acetamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate

To a solution of 2-(3-bromophenoxy)acetyl chloride (2.1 g, 8.43 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (30 mL) was added triethylamine (2.56 g, 25.3 mmol) and 4-amino-1-Boc-piperidine (2.02 g, 10.1 mmol) at 0° C. Then the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluted with PE:EA=5:1) to give the tile compound (2.8 g, yield 80%) as a white solid.

Example 34 tert-butyl 4-(2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate

To a mixture of tert-butyl 4-(2-(3-bromophenoxy)acetamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate (2.8 g, 6.79 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (2.59 g, 10.2 mmol), and KOAc (1.99 g, 20.4 mmol) in DMSO (30 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂-DCM (249 mg, 0.34 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 100° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluted with PE:EA=5:1) to provide the title compound (1.7 g, yield 54%) as a white solid.

Example 35 N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-6-fluoro-1H-indazol-5-amine

To a mixture of 2,4-dichloropyrimidine (730 mg, 4.89 mmol) and 6-fluoro-5-aminoindazole (740 mg, 4.89 mmol) in anhydrous ethanol (15 mL) was added Na₂CO₃ (1.56 g, 14.7 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 80° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluted with PE:EA=3:1) to provide the title compound (750 mg, yield 58%) as a brown solid.

Example 36 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-6-fluoro-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a solution of N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-6-fluoro-1H-indazol-5-amine (750 mg, 2.85 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) was added Boc₂O (1.86 g, 8.55 mmol), TEA (864 mg, 8.55 mmol) and DMAP (173 mg, 1.42 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was removed in vacuum to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatograph on silica gel (eluted with PE:EA=20:1) to give the title compound (800 g, yield 60%) as a white solid.

Example 37 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-6-fluoro-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a mixture of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-6-fluoro-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (920 mg, 1.98 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (16 mL) and water (4 mL) was added N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (760 mg, 2.38 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (115 mg, 0.1 mmol) and CsF (906 mg, 5.96 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 100° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluted with PE:EA=3:1) to provide the title compound (600 mg, yield 48%) as a yellow solid.

Example 38 2-(3-(4-((6-fluoro-1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide hydrochloride

To a mixture of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-6-fluoro-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (520 mg, 0.84 mmol) in EtOAc (2 mL) was added HCl/EtOAc (10 mL) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The formed precipitate was filtered and washed with EtOAc, dried in vacuo to afford the title compound (200 mg, yield 56%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ1.04 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H), 3.88-3.93 (m, 1H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 7.00 (b, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.75-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.93 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 11.09 (s, 1H). MS (ES+) m/e 457 (M+H)⁺.

Example 39 N-(2-chloro-5-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

To the mixture of 2,4-dichloro-5-methoxypyrimidine (3.56 g, 0.02 mol) in EtOH (80 mL) was added 1H-indazol-5-amine (2.66 g, 0.02 mol), and then DIEA (7.8 g, 0.06 mol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 45° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The cake was rinsed by MTBE and collected to give the title compound (4.4 g, yield 81%) as brown solid.

Example 40 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloro-5-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To the mixture of N-(2-chloro-5-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (4.2 g, 15.3 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) were added TEA (4.6 g, 45.9 mmol), (Boc)₂O (8.32 g, 38.2 mmol), and DMAP (0.2 g). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h and concentrated followed by purification by column chromatograph to provide the title compound (5.5 g, yield 76%) as light yellow solid.

Example 41 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-5-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To the solution of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloro-5-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (1.5 g, 3.16 mmol) in the solvents (dioxane:water=10:1, 33 ml) were added N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) phenoxy)acetamide (1.2 g, 3.79 mmol), (Boc)₂O (1.38 g, 6.32 mmol), CsF (1.4 g, 9.48 mmol), and then Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.11 g, 0.095 mmol) under N₂. The resulting mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 24 hrs. The mixture was purified by column chromatograph to give the title compound (0.98 g, yield 49%) as white solid.

Example 42 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-5-hydroxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

The mixture of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-5-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (1.2 g, 2 mmol) and pyridine hydrochloride (7.8 g) was stirred at 140° C. for 1 hr. The reaction cooled to room temperature. Water (20 mL) was added followed by NH₃.H₂O to adjust the pH to 6-7. The mixture was filtered. The cake was collected and dried to give the title compound (0.46 g, yield 55%) as gray solid.

Example 43 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-5-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide TFA salt

To the mixture of 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-5-hydroxypyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (450 mg, 1.07 mmol) in THF (45 mL) were added 2-(dimethylamino) ethanol (115 mg, 1.29 mmol), and then PPh₃ (563 mg, 2.15 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hr. Then DEAD (374 mg, 2.15 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was heated at reflux overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure followed by addition of 10 mL EtOAc and 10 mL water. TFA was added to adjust pH=4-5. The aqueous solution was concentrated and purified by Prep HPLC to give the title compound (0.1 g, yield 10%) as yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ1.07 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H), 2.94 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 6H), 3.64-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.92-3.94 (m, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.52-4.53 (m, 2H), 7.02 (dd, J=9.2 and 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.89 (m, 5H), 8.12-8.19 (m, 3H), 8.90 (s, 1H), 9.60 (b, 1H). MS (ES+) m/e 490 (M+H)⁺.

Example 44 N-(2,6-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

A solution of 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine (3.67 g, 20 mmol), 1H-indazol-5-amine (2.66 g, 20 mmol) and TEA (3.03 g, 30 mmol) in EtOH (75 mL) was heated at reflux overnight. After removing the solvent, the residue was re-crystallized in MeOH to provide the title compound (4.2 g, yield 50%) as a solid.

Example 45 N-(2-chloro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

A solution of N-(2,6-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (4.2 g, 15 mmol), 1-methylpiperazine (2.0 g, 20 mmol) and TEA (3.03 g, 30 mmol) in MeOH (75 mL) was refluxed overnight. After removing the solvent, the residue was re-crystallized in DCM to give the title compound (3 g, yield 58%) as a solid.

Example 46 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a solution of N-(2-chloro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (1.5 g, 4.4 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) were added TEA (0.93 g, 9.2 mmol), (Boc)₂O (3 g, 13.9 mmol) and DMAP (1.1 g, 9.2 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. After removing the solvent, the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=50:1-10:1) to give the title (1.2 g, yield 50%) as a solid.

Example 47 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (0.600 g, 1.1 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (50 mg), CsF (0.501 g, 3.3 mmol) and N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (0.640 g, 2 mmol) in dioxane/water (10:1, 10 mL) was stirred at 100° C. overnight. After removing the solvent, the residue was purified by HPLC to give the title compound (250 mg, yield 32%).

Example 48 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide TFA salt

A solution of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (250 mg, 0.36 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) and TFA (3.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound (150 mg, yield 70%) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ1.02 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H), 2.79 (s, 3H), 3.04 (b, 2H), 3.20-3.27 (m, 2H), 3.47-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.93 (m, 1H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 4.71-4.75 (m, 2H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 7.01 (dd, J=8.4 and 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.52 (m, 4H), 7.88 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (s, 2H), 9.53 (s, 1H), 10.00 (s, 1H). MS (ES+) m/e 501 (M+H)⁺.

Example 49 N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-6-methyl-1H-indazol-5-amine

A solution of 2,4-dichloropyrimidine (0.69 g, 4.6 mmol), 6-methyl-1H-indazol-5-ylamine hydrochloride (0.85 g, 4.6 mmol) and TEA (1.4 g, 13.8 mmol) in EtOH (16 mL) was heated at reflux overnight. The volatiles were removed to give the crude title compound (1.7 g), which was used for the next step reaction without purification.

Example 50 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-6-methyl-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a solution of N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-6-methyl-1H-indazol-5-amine (1.7 g, crude) in DCM (20 mL) were added TEA (0.93 g, 9.2 mmol), (Boc)₂O (3 g, 13.9 mmol) and DMAP (1.1 g, 9.2 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. After removal of the solvent, the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=50:1-10:1) to give the title compound (0.45 g, yield 21.1% for 2 steps) as a solid.

Example 51 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-6-methyl-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-6-methyl-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (0.45 g, 1.67 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (50 mg), Na₂CO₃ (0.35 g, 3.34 mmol) and N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (0.64 g, 2 mmol) in dioxane/water (10:1, 10 mL) was stirred at 100° C. overnight. After removing the solvent, the residue was purified by HPLC to give the title compound (180 mg, yield 17%).

Example 52 N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4-((6-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide TFA salt

To a solution of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-6-methyl-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (180 mg, 0.29 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added TFA (1.5 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound (170 mg, yield 96%). MS (ES+) m/e 417 (M+H)⁺.

Example 53 N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-N-methyl-1H-indazol-5-amine

To a solution of 2,4-dichloropyrimidine (1.0 g, 6.7 mmol) in EtOH (20 mL) was added (1H-Indazol-5-yl)-methyl-amine (1.0 g, 6.8 mmol) and TEA (2.02 g, 20 mmol). The resulting mixture was refluxed overnight. The solvent was removed to give the crude title compound (2.5 g), which was used for the next step reaction without purification.

Example 54 tert-butyl 5-((2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)(methyl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a solution of N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-N-methyl-1H-indazol-5-amine (2.5 g, crude) in DCM (50 mL) were added TEA (2.0 g, 20 mmol), (Boc)₂O (4.2 g, 19.2 mmol), and DMAP (1.0 g) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatograph to give the title compound (0.95 g, yield 38.8% for 2 steps) as a solid.

Example 55 tert-butyl 5-((2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)(methyl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 5-((2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)(methyl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (0.6 g, 1.67 mmol) in the solvent (dioxane:water=4:1, 20 mL) were added N-isopropyl-2-[3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenoxy]-acetamide (0.6 g, 1.88 mmol), (Boc)₂O (1.09 g, 5 mmol), K₃PO₄ (1.06 g, 5 mmol), t-Bu₃P (0.4 g, 2 mmol) and Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.1 g) under N₂. The resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 24 hrs and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude material which was carried out for the next step reaction without further purification.

Example 56 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)(methyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide TFA salt

To tert-butyl 5-((2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)(methyl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate as above was added HCl/MeOH (4M, 5 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 2.0 hr. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by HPLC to give the title compound (120 mg) as a TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ1.20 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 4.07-4.13 (m, 1H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 6.37-6.45 (m, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J=10.4 and 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.86-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 8.05 (b, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H). MS (ES+) m/e 417 (M+H)⁺.

Example 57 2-chloro-N-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine

The mixture of 2,4-dichloro-pyrimidine (200 mg, 2.41 mmol), 1H-pyrazol-4-ylamine (431 mg, 2.89 mmol), and TEA (730 mg, 7.23 mmol) in i-PrOH (8 mL) was stirred at 50° overnight. After cooling, the reaction mixture was concentrated. The crude product was used directly for the next step without purification.

Example 58 tert-butyl 4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate

To a mixture of (2-chloro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-amine (470 mg, 2.41 mmol), TEA (730 mg, 7.23 mmol) and DMAP (607 mg, 4.82 mmol) in dry DCM (15 mL), Boc₂O (1040 mg, 4.82 mmol) was added slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h, and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (200 mg, 0.5 mmol, 21% yield) as a white solid.

Example 59 tert-butyl 4-((2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate

To a mixture of 4-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-(2-chloro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-amino]-pyrazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (118.5 mg, 0.3 mmol), N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) phenoxy) acetamide (134 mg, 0.42 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (64 mg, 0.6 mmol), and Boc₂O (130 mg, 0.6 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) and H₂O (0.3 mL), Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (21 mg, 0.03 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 130° under N₂ protection under microwave for 30 minutes. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatograph on silica gel, and then purified by P-HPLC to give the title compound (30 mg, 0.066 mmol, 22% yield) as a white solid.

Example 60 2-(3-(4-((1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide TFA salt

To a solution of tert-butyl 4-((2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl) pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate (167 mg, 0.369 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) TFA (2 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs, and then concentrated to give the title compound (170 mg, 0.364 mmol, 98% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.20-8.18 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (s 2H), 7.80-7.78 (d, 2H), 7.64-7.60 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.40 (dd, J=9.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.91-6.89 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 4.13-4.09 (m, 1H) 1.18-1.16 (d, J=6.4 Hz 6H). MS (ES+) m/e 353 (M+H)⁺.

Example 61 5-((2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indazole

The mixture of 2,4-dichloro-pyrimidine (184 mg, 1.232 mmol), 1H-indazol-5-ol (150 mg, 1.12 mmol), and TEA (340 mg, 3.36 mmol) in EtOH (5 mL) was stirred at 80° overnight. After cooling, the reaction mixture was concentrated. The crude product was used directly for the next step without purification.

Example 62 tert-butyl 5-((2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a stirred mixture of 5-((2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indazole (275 mg, 1.12 mmol), TEA (340 mg, 3.36 mmol) and DMAP (28 mg, 0.224 mmol) in dry DCM (5 mL), Boc₂O (484 mg, 2.24 mmol) was added slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs, and then concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (200 mg, 0.57 mmol, 50% yield) as a white solid.

Example 63 tert-butyl 5-((2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a mixture of tetr-butyl-5-((2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (104 mg, 0.3 mmol), N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) phenoxy) acetamide (134 mg, 0.42 mmol), t-Bu₃P (61 mg, 0.3 mmol), K₃PO₄.3H₂O (160 mg, 0.6 mmol), and Boc₂O (130 mg, 0.6 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) and H₂O (0.4 mL), Pd₂(dba)₃ (27 mg, 0.03 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° under N₂ protection overnight. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse-phase HPLC to give the title compound (58 mg, 0.115 mmol, 38% yield) as a white solid.

Example 64 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)oxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide HCl salt

The solution of tert-butyl 5-((2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl) pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (340 mg, 0.675 mmol) HCl (g)/EtOAc (40 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs, and then concentrated to provide the title compound (272 mg, 0.621 mmol, 92% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.87-8.85 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (s 1H), 7.78-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.43 (m, 3H), 7.30-727 (dd, J=8.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.06-4.00 (m, 1H), 1.14-1.12 (d, J=6.4 Hz 6H). MS (ES+) m/e 404 (M+H)⁺.

Example 65 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-1-(piperazin-1-yl)ethanone HCl salt

The title compound was prepared using essentially the same procedure described for example 12. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 3.24 (b, 4H), 3.82 (b, 4H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 6.93 (b, 1H), 7.33 (dd, J=7.6 and 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (b, 2H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H). (ES+) m/e 430 (M+H)⁺.

Example 66 2-(3-(4-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

Example 67 2-(3-(6-amino-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

To a mixture of 4-amino-2,6-dichloropyrimidine (1.016 g, 6.72 mmol), N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (2.032 g, 6.37 mmol) and CsF (2.858 g, 18.803 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (31.2 mL) and H₂O (6.3 mL) was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.362 g, 0.313 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluted with PE:EtOAc=2:1) to obtain compound 2-(3-(4-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (670 mg, yield 33%) as a white powder and 2-(3-(6-amino-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (460 mg, yield 22%) as a white powder.

Example 68 2-(3-(4-amino-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

To a solution of compound 2-(3-(4-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (0.97 g, 3.031 mmol) in n-BuOH (15 mL) was added 1-methylpiperazine (1.5 g, 15 mmol) and stirred at 120° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluted with EtOAc:MeOH=20:1) to obtain the title compound (460 mg, yield 39%) as a light yellow powder.

Example 69 2-(3-(6-amino-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

To a solution of compound 2-(3-(6-amino-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (0.436 g, 1.363 mmol) in n-BuOH (10 mL) was added 1-methylpiperazine (0.682 g, 6.815 mmol) and stirred at 120° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluted with EtOAc:MeOH=20:1) to obtain the title compound (0.273 g, yield 52%) as a light yellow powder.

Example 70 N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-(pyridin-4-ylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide

To a mixture of compound 2-(3-(4-amino-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (460 mg, 1.199 mmol), 4-iodopyridine (319.5 mg, 1.559 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (109.8 mg, 0.12 mmol) and X-Phos (57 mg, 0.12 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (15 mL) was added Cs₂CO₃ (1.17 g, 3.3 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 120° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with 1,4-dioxane and filtered through celite pad. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was washed with EtOAc and dried in vacuo to obtain the title compound (173 mg, yield 31.3%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 1.17 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.55 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 4H), 3.72 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 4H), 4.06-4.16 (m, 1H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 5.97 (s, 1H), 7.19 (dd, J=8.0 and 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H). m/e 462 (M+H)⁺.

Example 71 N-isopropyl-2-(3-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-(pyridin-4-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)acetamide

To a mixture of compound 2-(3-(6-amino-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (493 mg, 1.286 mmol), 4-iodopyridine (290 mg, 1.415 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (117.8 mg, 0.129 mmol) and X-Phos (61.4 mg, 0.129 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (15 mL) was added Cs₂CO₃ (1258 mg, 3.858 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 120° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with 1,4-dioxane and filtered through celite pad. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was washed with EtOAc and dried in vacuo to obtain the title compound (184 mg, yield 31.0%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 1.17 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.57 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 4H), 3.65 (b, 4H), 4.08-4.14 (m, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 7.08 (dd, J=8.0 and 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.73 (m, 3H), 8.31 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H). m/e 462 (M+H)⁺.

Example 72 tert-Butyl 4-((3-bromophenoxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.5 g, 7.0 mmol), 3-bromophenol (1.5 g, 7.0 mmol) and PPh₃ (2.7 g, 10.5 mmol) was stirred in dry THF (30 mL) was stirred at 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. To this mixture was added DEAD (1.8 g, 10.5 mmol) dropwise over a period of 5 min, and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After complete disappearance of the starting material, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting oil purified by column chromatography (PE/EA, 9/1) to provide the title compound (2.4 g crude) which was used directly without further purification. m/e 372 (M+H)⁺.

Example 73 tert-butyl 4-((3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 4-((3-bromophenoxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (2.4 g, 6.5 mmol), Pin₂B₂ (2.5 g, 9.7 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (250 mg) and potassium acetate (1.9 g, 19.4 mmol) in 50 mL of dioxane was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 80° C. for 14 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with EtOAc (300 L), filtered, concentrated and was purified by chromatography (EA:PE, 1:10) to give the title compound (600 mg, 22%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.38 (1H, m), 7.27 (2H, m), 6.96 (1H, m), 3.82 (2H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 2.76 (1H, m), 1.73 (4H, m), 1.84 (4H, m).

Example 74 tert-Butyl 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-(3-((1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl) methoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (642 mg, 1.44 mmol), tert-butyl 4-((3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate (600 mg, 1.44 mmol), KOAc (564 mg, 5.76 mmol), Boc₂O (604 mg, 2.88 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (70 mg) in dioxane/water (30 mL/3 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 100° C. 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with DCM, filtered, concentrated and purified by chromatography (PE/EA, 5/1) to give the title compound (300 mg, crude) as a yellow oil. m/e 701 (M+H)⁺.

Example 75 N-(2-(3-(piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

tert-Butyl-5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-(3-((1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (250 mg, 0.36 mmol) was dissolved in 30 mL HCl/Et₂O (saturated). It was stirred at room temperature over night. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with water, and extracted by EA. The water phase was adjusted to 11 using saturated NaHCO₃ solution. It was concentrated and the residue was further purified by preparative TLC to provide the title compound as a yellow solid (50 mg, 35%). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.24 (2H, m), 8.04 (1H, s), 7.90 (2H, m), 7.56 (2H, m), 7.38 (1H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 7.04 (1H, dd, J=9.0 Hz, J=3.0 Hz), 6.65 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 3.95 (2H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 3.42 (2H, d, J=3.0 Hz), 2.15 (2H, t, J=3.0 Hz), 2.12 (1H, m), 2.07 (2H, q, J=3.0 Hz), 1.69 (2H, q, J=3.0 Hz); m/e 401 (M+H)⁺.

Example 76 tert-Butyl 4-(3-bromophenoxy) piperidine-1-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.4 g, 7.0 mmol), 3-bromophenol (1.2 g, 7.0 mmol) and PPh₃ (2.7 g, 10.4 mmol) was stirred in dry THF (35 mL) at 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. To this mixture was added DEAD (1.8 g, 10.4 mmol) dropwise over a period of 5 min, and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After complete disappearance of starting material, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting oil purified by column chromatography (PE/EA, 9/1) to provide the title compound (1.3 g, 52%). m/e 357 (M+H)⁺.

Example 77 tert-Butyl-4-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 4-(3-bromophenoxy) piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.3 g, 3.5 mmol), Pin₂B₂ (1.4 g, 5.3 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (135 mg) and potassium acetate (1.0 g, 10.6 mmol) in 20 mL of dioxane was degassed, flushed with N₂, and heated at 80° C. for 14 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL), filtered, concentrated and purified by chromotography (EA:PE, 1:10) to give the title compound (500 mg, 36%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.38 (1H, m), 7.32 (1H, m), 7.27 (1H, m), 7.25 (1H, m), 7.38 (1H, m), 4.51 (1H, m), 3.69 (2H, m), 3.36 (2H, m), 1.88 (2H, m), 1.74 (2H, m), 1.34 (2H, m).

Example 78 tert-Butyl-5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-(3-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (221 mg, 0.5 mmol), tert-butyl 4-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.5 mmol), KOAc (196 mg, 2.0 mmol), Boc₂O (210 mg, 1.0 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (40 mg) in dioxane/water (30 mL/3 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 100° C. 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with DCM, filtered, concentrated and purified by chromatography (PE/EA, 5/1) to provide the title compound (180 mg, crude) as a yellow oil. m/e 687 (M+H)⁺.

Example 79 N-(2-(3-(Piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

tert-Butyl-5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-(3-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (170 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in 30 mL HCl/Et₂O (saturated). It was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with water, and extracted by EA. The water phase was adjusted to 11 using saturated NaHCO₃ solution. It was concentrated and the residue was further purified by preparative TLC to provide the title compound (20 mg, 21%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.26 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 8.18 (1H, s), 8.04 (1H, s), 7.96 (1H, s), 7.93 (1H, t, J=3.0 Hz), 7.56 (2H, m), 7.42 (1H, t, J=9.0 Hz), 7.14 (1H, dd, J=9.0 Hz, J=3.0 Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 5.80 (1H, m), 3.38 (2H, m), 3.30 (2H, m), 2.16 (2H, m), 2.11 (2H, m); m/e 387 (M+H)⁺.

Example 80 2-(3-Bromo-4-fluorophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide

A solution of 2-chloro-N-cyclopropylacetamide (1.7 g, 13.1 mmol), 3-bromo-4-fluorophenol (2.5 g, 13.1 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (2.7 g, 19.6 mmol) in 20 mL of acetone was heated at 60° C. for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography (PE/EA, 3/1) to give the title compound (2.5 g, 66%) as a yellow solid. m/e 289 (M+H)⁺.

Example 81 N-Cyclopropyl-2-(4-fluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide

A solution of 2-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide (2.5 g, 8.7 mmol), Pin₂B₂ (3.3 g, 13.0 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (330 mg) and potassium acetate (2.6 g, 26.0 mmol) in 35 mL of dioxane was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 80° C. for 14 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL), filtered, concentrated and purified by chromatography (EA:PE, 1:5) to give the title compound (600 mg, 21%) as a yellow solid. m/e 336 (M+H)⁺.

Example 82 2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide

A mixture of N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (150 mg, 0.61 mmol), N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-fluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (205 mg, 0.61 mmol), KOAc (240 mg, 2.45 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (60 mg) in dioxane/water (20 mL/3 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 100° C. 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with DCM, filtered, concentrated and purified by chromatography (DCM/MeOH, 20/1) followed by further purification by preparative TLC to give the title compound (35 mg, 14%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.26 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 8.17 (1H, s), 8.03 (1H, s), 7.52 (3H, m), 7.13 (2H, m), 6.70 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 4.53 (2H, s), 2.72 (1H, t, J=3.0 Hz), 0.75 (2H, t, J=3.0 Hz), 0.57 (2H, t, J=3.0 Hz); m/e 419 (M+H)⁺.

Example 83 2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-4-fluorophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide

A mixture of N-(2-chloro-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (209 mg, 0.80 mmol), N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-fluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (270 mg, 0.80 mmol), KOAc (316 mg, 3.22 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (60 mg) in dioxane/water (20 mL/3 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 100° C. 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with DCM, filtered, concentrated and purified by chromatography (DCM/MeOH, 20/1) followed by further purification by preparative TLC to give the title compound (35 mg, 10%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.16 (1H, s), 8.12 (1H, s), 8.02 (1H, s), 7.70 (1H, dd, J=9.0 Hz, J=3.0 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 7.44 (1H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 4.46 (2H, s), 2.69 (1H, m), 2.31 (3H, s), 0.73 (2H, t, J=3.0 Hz), 0.55 (2H, t, J=3.0 Hz); m/e 433 (M+H)⁺.

Example 84 2-(3-Bromo-5-fluorophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide

A solution of 2-chloro-N-cyclopropylacetamide (2.8 g, 20.9 mmol), 3-bromo-5-fluorophenol (4.0 g, 20.9 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (4.3 g, 31.4 mmol) in 40 mL of acetone was heated at 60° C. for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography (PE/EA, 3/1) to give the title compound (4.3 g, 71%) as a yellow solid. m/e 288 (M+H)⁺.

Example 85 N-cyclopropyl-2-(3-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide

A solution of 2-(3-bromo-5-fluorophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide (4.3 g, 14.9 mmol), Pin₂B₂ (5.7 g, 22.4 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (600 mg) and potassium acetate (4.4 g, 44.8 mmol) in 50 mL of dioxane was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 80° C. for 14 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL), filtered, concentrated and purified by chromatography (EA:PE, 1:5) to give the title compound (3.2 g, 64%) as a yellow solid. m/e 336 (M+H)⁺.

Example 86 2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide

A mixture of N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (340 mg, 1.4 mmol), N-cyclopropyl-2-(3-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (650 mg, 1.9 mmol), CsF (835 mg, 5.5 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (200 mg) in dioxane/water (20 mL/3 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 100° C. 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with DCM, filtered, concentrated and purified by chromatography (DCM/MeOH, 20/1) to give the title compound (80 mg, 14%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.26 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 8.08 (1H, s), 8.06 (1H, s), 7.78 (1H, s), 7.65 (1H, dd, J=9.0 Hz, J=3.0 Hz), 7.58 (2H, s), 6.89 (1H, dt, J=9.0 Hz, J=3.0 Hz), 6.66 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 4.58 (2H, s), 2.74 (1H, m), 0.76 (2H, t, J=3.0 Hz), 0.58 (2H, t, J=3.0 Hz); m/e 419 (M+H)⁺.

Example 87 2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-5-fluorophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide

A mixture of N-(2-chloro-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (360 mg, 1.4 mmol), N-cyclopropyl-2-(3-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (650 mg, 1.9 mmol), CsF (835 mg, 5.5 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (200 mg) in dioxane/water (20 mL/3 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 100° C. 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with DCM, filtered, concentrated and purified by chromatography (DCM/MeOH, 20/1) to give the title compound (60 mg, 10%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.14 (1H, s), 8.04 (2H, m), 7.70 (2H, m), 7.57 (2H, m), 6.81 (1H, dt, J=9.0 Hz, J=3.0 Hz), 4.51 (2H, s), 2.72 (1H, m), 2.29 (3H, s), 0.72 (2H, t, J=3.0 Hz), 0.57 (2H, t, J=3.0 Hz); m/e 433 (M+H)⁺.

Example 88 tert-Butyl 3-((3-bromophenoxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (935 mg, 4.35 mmol), 3-bromophenol (753 mg, 4.35 mmol) and PPh₃ (1.71 mg, 6.53 mmol) was stirred in dry THF (30 mL) at 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. To this mixture was added dropwise DEAD (1.14 g, 6.53 mmol) over a period of 5 min, and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After complete disappearance of starting material, the mixture was poured to EA (50 mL), washed with brine (3×20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting oil was purified by column chromatography (PE/EA, 10/1) to get the title compound (0.8 g, crude). m/e 370 (M+H)⁺.

Example 89 tert-Butyl 3-((3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 3-((3-bromophenoxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (0.7 g, 1.9 mmol), Pin₂B₂ (0.72 g, 2.8 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (154 mg) and potassium acetate (556 mg, 5.67 mmol) in dioxane (50 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 80° C. for 14 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with brine (3×30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting oil was purified by column chromatography (EA:PE, 1:5) to give the title compound (0.9 g, crude). m/e 418 (M+H)⁺.

Example 90 tert-Butyl-5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-(3-((1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-3-yl) methoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (240 mg, 0.54 mmol), tert-butyl 3-((3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate (270 mg, 0.65 mmol), CsF (788 mg, 5.4 mmol), Boc₂O (353 mg, 1.62 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (88 mg) in dioxane/water (20 mL/2 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 100° C. for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with brine (30 mL×3), dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting oil was purified by column chromatography (DCM:MeOH, 50:1) to give the title compound (0.1 g) as a yellow oil. m/e 701 (M+H)⁺.

Example 91 N-(2-(3-(piperidin-3-ylmethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

tert-Butyl-5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-(3-((1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-3-yl) methoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.14 mmol) was dissolved in HFIP (3 mL), the solution was stirred at 150° C. for 1 h with M.W. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by pre-TLC (DCM:MeOH, 4:1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (40 mg, 70%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.26 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.61-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.44 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14-7.12 (m, 1H), 6.74 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.11-4.07 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.41-3.31 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.04-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.45 (m, 1H); m/e 401 (M+H)⁺.

Example 92 tert-Butyl 3-(3-bromophenoxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.0 g, 5.8 mmol), 3-bromophenol (1.08 g, 5.8 mmol) and PPh₃ (2.28 g, 8.7 mmol) in dry THF (35 mL) was stirred at 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. To this mixture was added DEAD (1.51 g, 8.7 mmol) dropwise over a period of 5 min, and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After complete disappearance of starting material, the mixture was poured to EA (50 mL), washed with brine (20 mL×3), dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting oil was purified by column chromatography (PE/EA, 10/1) to afford the title compound (0.8 g, crude). m/e 342 (M+H)⁺.

Example 93 tert-Butyl 3-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 3-(3-bromophenoxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.8 g, 2.3 mmol), Pin₂B₂ (1.91 g, 7.5 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (408 mg) and potassium acetate (1.47 g, 15 mmol) in dioxane (50 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 80° C. for 14 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with brine (3×30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting oil was purified by column chromatography (EA:PE, 1:5) to give the title compound as a yellow oil (450 mg, crude). m/e 390 (M+H)⁺.

Example 94 tert-Butyl-5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-(3-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yloxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (466 mg, 1.05 mmol), tert-butyl 3-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (488 mg, 1.25 mmol), CsF (1.53 g, 10.5 mmol), Boc₂O (687 mg, 3.15 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (172 mg) in dioxane/water (30 mL/3 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 100° C. for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with brine (3×30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting oil was purified by column chromatography (PE/EA, 5/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (200 mg, 28.5%). m/e 673 (M+H)⁺.

Example 95 N-(2-(3-(pyrrolidin-3-yloxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

tert-Butyl-5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-(3-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yloxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (135 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of con. HCl. It was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. 10 mL of water was added and then adjust pH 9-10 by 1N NaOH. Extracted with EA (30 mL×3), dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting oil was purified by pre-TLC (DCM/MeOH, 5/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (45 mg, 62.5%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.27 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.90-7.86 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.44 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J=2.0 Hz, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.28-5.26 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.31 (m, 4H), 2.40-2.25 (m, 2H); m/e 373 (M+H)⁺.

Example 96 2-(5-Bromo-2-fluorophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide

A solution of 2-chloro-N-cyclopropylacetamide (1.0 g, 7.5 mmol), 5-bromo-2-fluorophenol (1.44 g, 7.5 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (1.55 g, 11.25 mmol) in 30 mL of acetone was heated at 60° C. for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography (PE/EA, 2/1) to give the title as a yellow solid (1.2 g, 55.3%). m/e 288 (M+H)⁺.

Example 97 N-cyclopropyl-2-(2-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide

A solution of 2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide (0.83 g, 2.88 mmol), Pin₂B₂ (1.1 g, 4.33 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (120 mg) and potassium acetate (0.85 g, 8.64 mmol) in 35 mL of dioxane was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 80° C. for 14 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with brine (3×30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting oil was purified by column chromatography (PE/EA, 2/1) to give the title compound as an oil (600 mg, 21%). m/e 336 (M+H)⁺.

Example 98 2-(5-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-fluorophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide

A mixture of N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (147 mg, 0.6 mmol), N-cyclopropyl-2-(2-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (300 mg, 0.89 mmol), KOAc (235 mg, 2.4 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (70 mg) in dioxane/water (20 mL/3 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 100° C. for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with DCM (30 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography (DCM/MeOH, 10/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (35 mg, 14%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 13.01 (s, 1H), 9.65 (s, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 8.21-8.20 (m, 1H), 8.09-7.96 (m, 3H), 7.62-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.34 (m, 1H), 6.68 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (s, 2H), 2.70-2.65 (m, 1H), 0.63-0.59 (m, 2H), 0.48-0.43 (m, 2H); m/e 419 (M+H)⁺.

Example 99 2-(5-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-2-fluorophenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide

A mixture of N-(2-chloro-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (100 mg, 0.38 mmol), N-cyclopropyl-2-(2-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (130 mg, 0.38 mmol), KOAc (151 mg, 1.55 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (50 mg) in dioxane/water (20 mL/3 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 100° C. for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with DCM (30 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography (DCM/MeOH, 10/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (10 mg, 2.9%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 13.01 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.17 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.11-8.09 (m, 2H), 7.97-7.94 (m, 1H), 7.85-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.71-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.26 (m, 1H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 2.68-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 0.66-0.58 (m, 2H), 0.47-0.43 (m, 2H); m/e 433 (M+H)⁺.

Example 100 N-(6-chloro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

A mixture of N-(2,6-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (0.88 g, 3.17 mol), pyrrolidine (225 mg, 3.17 mmol) and DIPEA (818 mg, 6.34 mmol) in BuOH (30 mL) was stirred at 120° C. for 12 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by pre-HPLC to give the title compound as a white solid (0.8 g, 80%). m/e 315 (M+H)⁺.

Example 101 tert-butyl-5-(6-(3-(2-(cyclopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of N-(6-chloro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (300 mg, 0.95 mmol), N-cyclopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (452 mg, 1.43 mmol), CsF (1.38 g, 1.55 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (150 mg) in dioxane/water (30 mL/3 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 100° C. for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with DCM (50 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography (DCM/MeOH, 10/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (90 mg, 16%). m/e 570 (M+H)⁺.

Example 102 2-(3-(6-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenoxy)-N-cyclopropylacetamide

tert-Butyl 5-(6-(3-(2-(cyclopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (90 mg, 0.16 mmol) was dissolved in HFIP (2 mL), the solution was stirred at 150° C. for 1 h with M.W. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by pre-TLC (DCM:MeOH, 4:1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (35 mg, 46.7%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.92 (s, 1H), 9.27 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.39 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J=2.0 Hz, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.63-3.60 (m, 4H), 2.73-2.66 (m, 1H), 1.95-1.98 (m, 4H), 0.66-0.61 (m, 2H), 0.51-0.47 (m, 2H); m/e 470 (M+H)⁺.

Example 103 3-(3-bromophenyl)-N-cyclopropylpropanamide

3-(3-Bromophenyl) propanoic acid (3.0 g, 13.1 mmol) was added to a solution of SOCl2 (10 ml) and was stirred for 2 hours at 70° C. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (20 ml), then was added dropwise into the mixture of cyclopropanamine (1.17 g, 19.6 mmol) and triethylamine (4.0 g, 39.3 mmol) at 0° C., then the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with 1N HCl and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried, concentrated to residue. The residue was purified by chromatography (PE/EA: 1/1 to 1/2) to give the title compound as white solid (2.8 g, 79%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.36 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 5.53 (s, 1H), 2.94 (t, 2H), 2.68 (s, 1H), 2.41 (t, 2H), 0.77 (m, 2H), 0.44 (m, 2H). m/e 268 (M+H)⁺.

Example 104 N-Cyclopropyl-3-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)propanamide

PdCl₂(dppf) (420 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added into the mixture of 3-(3-bromophenyl)-N-cyclopropylpropanamide (2.8 g, 10.3 mmol), 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (3.9 g, 15.5 mmol) and KOAc (2.5 g, 25.7 mmol) in dioxane (80 ml). The mixture was stirred overnight at 100° C. under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by chromatography (PE/EA: 5/1 to 1/1) to give the title compound as an off-white solid (3.0 g, 92%). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.60-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.33 (m, 2H), 5.47 (s, 1H), 2.92-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.41 (t, 2H), 2.04 (s, 1H), 1.34 (s, 12H), 0.70-0.72 (m, 2H), 0.38-0.40 (m, 2H); m/e 316 (M+H)⁺.

Example 105 tert-Butyl 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-(3-(3-(cyclopropylamino)-3-oxopropyl)phenyl) pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

PdCl₂(dppf) (165 mg, 0.21 mmol) was added into the mixture of N-cyclopropyl-3-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)propanamide (380 mg, 1.2 mmol), Boc2O (650 mg, 3.0 mmol), CsF (600 mg, 4.0 mmol) and tert-butyl 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (446 mg, 1.0 mmol) in dioxane/H₂O (30 ml, 10/1) under N₂ flow. The mixture was stirred for 24 h at 100° C. under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was extracted with EA (60 ml) and washed with brine, dried, concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by chromatography (PE/EA: 5/1 to 1/5) to give the title compound product (240 mg) as a yellow oil. m/e 599 (M+H)⁺.

Example 106 3-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpropanamide

tert-Butyl-5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-(3-(3-(cyclopropylamino)-3-oxopropyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (220 mg, 0.367 mmol) was added to a mixture of saturated HCl in ethyl ether (30 mL). The mixture was stirred for 3 hours at ambient temperature. Then the mixture was filtered and the yellow solid was added to HCl (5 ml), then was stirred for 10 minutes and diluted with H2O (50 ml), filtered. The obtained off-white crystals as hydrochloride salt was added to saturated NaHCO₃ (10 ml) and was stirred for 2 h. The mixture was filtered and the solid was washed with H₂O (10 ml), dried to give the title compound (50 mg, 34%) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ13.00 (s, 1H), 9.62 (s, 1H), 8.34-8.32 (m, 3H), 8.22 (m, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.40 (m, 3H), 6.66 (d, 1H), 2.90 (m, 2H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.40 (m, 2H), 0.57 (m, 2H), 0.33 (m, 2H). m/e 399 (M+H)⁺.

Example 107 2-(3-bromophenylthio)-N-cyclopropylacetamide

A solution of 2-chloro-N-cyclopropylacetamide (1.33 g, 10 mmol), 3-bromobenzenethiol (1.6 g, 8.5 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (4.8 g, 35 mmol) in 30 mL of acetone was heated at 70° C. overnight. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography (PE/EA, 1/1) to give the title compound (2.4 g, 96%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR 6 (300 MHz, CDCl3) 7.39 (1H, m), 7.31 (1H, m), 7.14 (2H, m), 6.71 (1H, s), 3.58 (2H, s), 2.64-2.77 (1H, m), 0.73-0.84 (2H, m), 0.41 (2H, m); m/e 286 (M+H)⁺.

Example 108 N-cyclopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenylthio)acetamide

A solution of 2-(3-bromophenylthio)-N-cyclopropylacetamide (2.43 g, 9.1 mmol), Pin₂B₂ (3.5 g, 13.7 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (730 mg) and potassium acetate (2.67 g, 27.3 mmol) in 30 mL of dioxane was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 95° C. for 12 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL), filtered, concentrated and purified by chromatography (EA:PE, 1:1) to give the title compound (2.4 g, 82%) as a yellow oil. m/e 286 (M+H)⁺.

Example 109 tert-Butyl 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-(3-(2-(cyclopropylamino)-2-oxoethylthio)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of N-cyclopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenylthio)acetamide (380 mg, 1.1 mmol), N-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (246 mg, 1.0 mmol), CsF (730 mg, 5.0 mmol), Boc₂O (650 mg, 3.0 mmol), and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (1700 mg) in dioxane/water (27 mL/3 mL) was degassed and flushed with N₂, heated at 100° C. 24 h. The mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with DCM, filtered, concentrated and purified by chromatography (DCM/MeOH, 20/1) to give the crude title compound (200 mg) as a yellow solid. m/e 617 (M+H)⁺.

Example 110 2-(3-(4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenylthio)-N-cyclopropylacetamide

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-(3-(2-(cyclopropylamino)-2-oxoethylthio)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (209 mg, 0.80 mmol) in con. HCl (3 mL) was stirred for 10 minutes followed by addition of ice. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH 10 with NaHCO3 solution and extracted with CH₂Cl₂/MeOH (1/1, 20 ml). Filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by chromatography (DCM/MeOH, 20/1) followed by further purification by pre-TLC to give the title compound (25 mg, 18%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.36 (1H, m), 8.24 (1H, d, J=6 Hz), 8.14 (2H, m), 8.05 (1H, s), 7.56 (2H, s), 7.49 (1H, m), 7.41 (1H, d, J=6 Hz), 6.63 (1H, d, J=6 Hz), 3.60 (2H, s), 2.58 (1H, m), 0.61 (2H, m), 0.36 (2H, m); m/e 417 (M+H)⁺.

Example 111 2-(3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

A mixture of 2-chloropyrimidin-4-amine (0.50 g, 3.8 mmol), N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (1.46 g, 4.6 mmol), CsF (1.75 g, 11.4 mmol), and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.2 g, 0.2 mmol) in a mixture of dioxane (8 mL) and H₂O (2 mL) was stirred at 100° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluted with PE:EtOAc=1:1) to provide the title compound (400 mg, yield 36%) as colourless oil.

Example 112 N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4-(pyridin-4-ylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide

A mixture of compound 2-(3-(4-aminopyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

(300 mg, 1.1 mmol), 4-bromopyridine (258 mg, 1.3 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (1026 mg, 3.3 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (96 mg, 0.1 mmol), and X-Phos (51 mg, 0.1 mmol) in anhydrous dioxane (30 mL) was stirred at 120° C. overnight under N₂. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated, the residue was washed with EtOAc then was filtered to provide the title compound (200 mg, yield 52%) as white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 10.09 (s, 1H), 8.47-7.92 (m, 8H), 7.45 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12-6.82 (m, 2H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 3.99-3.92 (m, 1H), 1.06 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); m/e 364 (M+H)⁺.

Example 113 2-chloro-4-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine

2, 4-Dichloropyrimide (745 mg, 5 mmol), 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-[4,4′]bipyridinyl (811 mg, 5 mmol), and TEA (758 mg, 7.5 mmol) in EtOH (15 mL) was stirred at reflux overnight. After removing the solvent, the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1-1:1) to give the title compound (500 mg, yield 36.4%) as a white solid.

Example 114 N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide

A mixture of 2-chloro-4-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine (500 mg, 1.82 mmol), Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (50 mg), Na₂CO₃ (579 mg, 5.46 mmol) and N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (871 mg, 2.73 mmol) in dioxane/water (10:1, 10 mL) was stirred at 100° C. overnight. After removing the solvent, the residue was purified by P-HPLC to give the title compound (300 mg, yield 35.2%) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.80 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 8.23 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 7.83-7.81 (m, 2H), 7.59 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.20 (m, 2H), 5.54 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 4.52 (d, J=14 Hz, 1H), 4.12-4.06 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.47 (m, 4H), 2.26-1.89 (m, 4H), 1.17 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 6H); m/e 432 (M+H)⁺.

Example 115 4,6-dichloro-2-iodopyrimidine

To a solution of compound 4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-amine (39 g, 237.82 mmol) in CH3CN (300 mL), CH₂I₂ (1000 mL) was added then t-BuONO (129.3 g, 1.25 mol) was added and the mixture was heated to reflux overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatography to give compound the title compound (30 g, yield 46%) as a yellow solid.

Example 116 2-(3-(4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

To a mixture of compound 4,6-dichloro-2-iodopyrimidine (13.92 g, 50.64 mmol), N-isopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (18 g, 56.39 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (13.88 g, 130.96) in DME (150 mL) and water (50 mL), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (5.04 g, 4.36 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated to reflux overnight under N₂. Then the reaction mixture was poured into water (100 mL), extracted with EtOAc (150 mL×2) and the organic phase was washed by brine, dried with Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatography to give the title compound (9.05 g, yield 52%) as white solid.

Example 117

2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

To a solution of compound 2-(3-(4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (5.7 g, 16.75 mmol) in iPrOH (110 mL), DIPEA (6.5 g, 48.82 mmol) and 1H-indazol-5-amine (2.23 g, 17.25 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatography to give the title compound (3.22 g, yield 44%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.05 (s, 1H), 9.90 (s, H), 8.09 (b, 2H), 7.95-7.89 (m, 3H), 7.59-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.12 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 4.00-3.94 (m, 1H), 1.08 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H); m/e 437 (M+H)⁺.

Example 118 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

To a stirred solution of 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (300 mg, 0.687 mmol) in iprOH (20 mL), Et₃N (3 mL), and piperazine (592 mg, 6.87 mmol) were added at room temperature. The mixture was stirred overnight at 110° C. Then reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by pre-HPLC to provide the title compound (114 mg, yield 34%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.91 (s, 1H), 9.01 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.94-7.89 (m, 3H), 7.51-7.35 (m, 3H), 7.04 (dd, J=8.0 and 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.82 (s, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.98-3.92 (m, 1H), 3.48 (b, 4H), 2.76 (b, 4H), 1.07 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); m/e 487 (M+H)⁺.

Example 119 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-morpholinopyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

The title compound was synthesized using the same procedure as that for 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (example 118) (112 mg, yield 34%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.93 (s, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.95-7.91 (m, 3H), 7.49-7.38 (m, 3H), 7.05 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.84 (s, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.94 (b, 1H), 3.69 (s, 4H), 3.52 (s, 4H), 1.06 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); m/e 488 (M+H)⁺.

Example 120 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

The title compound was synthesized using the same procedure as that for 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (example 118) (100 mg, yield 65%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.94 (s, 1H), 9.00 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.97-7.91 (m, 3H), 7.53-7.05 (m, 4H), 5.75 (s, 1H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 4.02-3.62 (m, 5H), 2.64 (b, 2H), 2.50 (b, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.92 (b, 2H), 1.09 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); m/e 515 (M+H)⁺.

Example 121 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

The title compound was synthesized using the same procedure as that for 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (example 118) (110 mg, yield 32%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.90 (s, 1H), 8.96 (s, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.03 (m, 5H), 5.74 (s, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.96-3.68 (m, 3H), 2.85 (b, 2H), 2.66 (b, 2H), 2.31 (b, 2H), 1.77 (b, 2H), 1.07 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); m/e 501 (M+H)⁺.

Example 122 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(dimethylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

The title compound was synthesized using the same procedure as that for 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (example 118) (101 mg, yield 33%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.90 (s, 1H), 9.00 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.97-7.88 (m, 3H), 7.48 (s, 2H), 7.38 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.73 (s, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.98-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.07 (s, 6H), 1.08 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); m/e 446 (M+H)⁺.

Example 123 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

The title compound was synthesized using the same procedure as that for 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (example 118) (110 mg, yield 33%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.91 (s, 1H), 8.98 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.94-7.89 (m, 3H), 7.49-7.03 (m, 5H), 5.85 (s, 1H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 3.96-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.58 (b, 4H), 1.55 (b, 6H), 1.07 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); m/e 486 (M+H)⁺.

Example 124

2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-((2-methoxyethyl)(methyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

The title compound was synthesized using the same procedure as that for 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (example 118) (110 mg, yield 33%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.00 (s, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.05-7.92 (m, 3H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.42 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.79 (s, 1H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 4.03-3.95 (m, 1H), 2.78 (b, 2H), 3.59-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 1.10 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H); m/e 490 (M+H)⁺.

Example 125 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)(methyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

The title compound was synthesized using the same procedure as that for 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (example 118) (100 mg, yield 29%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.91 (s, 1H), 8.99 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.96-7.86 (m, 3H), 7.49-7.03 (m, 4H), 5.71 (s, 1H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 4.00-3.92 (m, 1H), 3.67 (b, 2H), 3.30 (b, 2H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 6H), 1.07 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); m/e 503 (M+H)⁺.

Example 126 2-(3-(4-chloro-6-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

To a solution of compound 2-(3-(4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (1 g, 2.9 mmol) in toluene (24 mL) were added NaOH (232 mg, 5.8 mmol) and 2-(dimthylamino)ethanol (261 mg, 2.9 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 3 hrs at 110° C. Then the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue which was purified by column chromatograph on silica gel (eluted with DCM:MeOH=100:1) to give compound the title compound (550 mg, yield 48%) as a solid.

Example 127 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-6-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide

To a solution of compound 2-(3-(4-chloro-6-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in EtOH (1 mL) were added 1H-indozal-5-amine (101.5 mg, 0.76 mmol) and TFA (0.25 mL). The resulting mixture was heated to 80° C. overnight. The mixture was concentrated and purified by chromatography on silica gel column and purified by Prep-TLC again to give the title compound (100 mg, yield 16%) as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 8.05-7.96 (m, 4H), 7.54-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.08 (m, 2H), 5.94 (s, 1H), 4.55 (s, 4H), 4.14-4.06 (m, 1H), 2.79-2.76 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 1.16 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); m/e 490 (M+H)⁺.

Example 128 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl morpholine-4-carboxylate

To a mixture of 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol (500 mg, 2.27 mmol), DMAP (277.3 mg) and Et₃N (450.46 mg, 4.54, mmol) in DCM (10 ml) was added dropwise a solution of morpholine-4-carbonyl chloride (339.5 mg, 2.27 mmol) in DCM (10 ml) at 0° C. Water was added to the mixture and extracted with DCM (40 mL×2). The organic phase was dried with Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (600 mg, yield 79%) which was used to next step directly.

Example 129 3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl morpholine-4-carboxylate

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.2243 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) and H₂O (0.3 ml) were added Na₂CO₃ (47.54 mg, 0.4485 mmol), (Boc)₂O (93.29 mg, 0.4485 mmol) and 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl morpholine-4-carboxylate (149.44 mg, 0.4485 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was degassed by budding nitrogen through the solution Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (15.07 mg, 0.02243 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated under microwave irradiation for 20 minutes at 110° C. The mixture was dried and concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatograph on silica gel (DCM:MeOH=50:1) to give the title compound (50 mg, yield 53%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.02 (s, 1H), 9.66 (s, 1H), 8.33-8.18 (m, 4H), 7.55-7.51 (m, 3H), 7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (b, 6H), 3.45 (b, 2H); m/e 417 (M+H)⁺.

Example 130 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl dimethylcarbamate

To a mixture of 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol (500 mg, 2.23 mmol), DMAP (277.4 mg) and Et₃N (450.46 mg, 4.46, mmol) in DCM (15 mL) was added dropwise a solution of dimethylcarbamic chloride (238.6 mg, 2.23 mmol) in DCM (15 ml) at 0° C. and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Water was added to the mixture and extracted with DCM (40 mL×2). The organic phase was dried with Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (500 mg, yield 76%) which was used to next step directly.

Example 131 3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl dimethylcarbamate

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.2243 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) and H₂O (0.3 ml) was added Na₂CO₃ (47.54 mg, 0.4485 mmol), (Boc)₂O (93.29 mg, 0.4485 mmol) and 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl dimethylcarbamate (130.58 mg, 0.4485 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was degassed by budding nitrogen through the solution, Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (15.07 mg, 0.02243 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated under microwave irradiation for 20 min at 110° C. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatograph on silica gel (DCM:MeOH=50:1) to give the title compound (30 mg, yield 37%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.02 (s, 1H), 9.66 (s, 1H), 8.34-8.04 (m, 5H), 7.55-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.21 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 2.94 (s, 3H); m/e 375 (M+H)⁺.

Example 132 3-((3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)pyridine

To a solution of compound 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol (1.5 g, 6.8 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added NaH (0.82 g, 20.4 mmol) portion wise at 0° C. with stirring. After 30 minutes, compound 3-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride (1.4 g, 8.9 mmol) was added portionwise at 0° C., and the resulting mixture was allowed to warm to 20° C. and stirred for 16 hrs. It was quenched with water, extracted with EtOAc (100 mL×3), and the extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel column (eluted with PE:EA=10:1 to 2:1) to give the title compound (1 g, yield 50%) as a white solid.

Example 133 tert-butyl 1H-indazol-5-yl(2-(3-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate

A mixture of compound 3-((3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)pyridine (1 g, 3.2 mmol), compound tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (670 mg, 1.5 mmol), K₂CO₃ (414 mg, 3 mmol) and Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (109 mg, 0.15 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) and H₂O (5 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 16 hrs under N₂ atmosphere. Then it was concentrated and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel column (eluted with DCM:MeOH=100:1 to 20:1) to give the title compound (370 mg, yield 50%) as a light red oil.

Example 134 tert-butyl 1H-indazol-5-yl(2-(3-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate

(370 mg, 0.75 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (5 mL), and the resulting solution was stirred at 20° C. for 3 hrs. It was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in DCM/MeOH (10:1, 100 mL), washed with aqueous K₂CO₃ and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel column (eluted with DCM:MeOH=100:1 to 20:1) and recrystallized from MeOH to afford the title compound (110 mg, yield 37%) as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.04 (s, 1H), 9.67 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.57 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 8.00-7.89 (m, 4H), 7.56-6.68 (m, 6H), 5.25 (s, 2H). 13.02 (s, 1H), 9.66 (s, 1H), 8.33-8.18 (m, 4H), 7.55-7.51 (m, 3H), 7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (b, 6H), 3.45 (b, 2H); m/e 417 (M+H)⁺.

Example 135 4-((3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)pyridine

To a solution of compound 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol (1.5 g, 6.8 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added NaH (0.82 g, 20.4 mmol) portion wise at 0° C. with stirring. After 30 minutes, compound 4-(chloromethyl)pyridine (1.4 g, 8.9 mmol) was added portionwise at 0° C., and the resulting mixture was allowed to warm to 20° C. and stirred for 16 hrs. It was quenched with water, extracted with EtOAc (100 mL×3), and the extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated, and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel column (eluted with PE:EA=10:1 to 2:1) to give the title compound (1 g, yield 50%) as a white solid.

Example 136 N-(2-(3-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

A mixture of compound 4-((3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)pyridine (139 mg, 0.44 mmol) (6 batches), compound tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.22 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (47 mg, 0.44 mmol), Boc₂O (96 mg, 0.44 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (15.4 mg, 0.022 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) and H₂O (0.2 mL) was heated in microwave reactor at 110° C. for 20 minutes under N₂ atmosphere. Then it was cooled, diluted with water, extracted with DCM, the extracts were concentrated and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel column (eluted with DCM:MeOH=100:1 to 20:1) and recrystallized from MeOH to afford the title compound (110 mg, yield 23%) as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 8.51 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 8.25 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 8.05-7.94 (m, 3H), 7.57-7.16 (m, 6H), 6.65 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (s, 2H)); m/e 395 (M+H)⁺.

Example 137 2-(3-(2-methoxyethoxyl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

To a mixture of 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol (800 mg, 3.636 mmol) in DCM (20 ml) were added KI (1.2 g, 7.273 mmol), K₂CO₃ (1.307 g 10.091 mmol) and 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane (1.01 g, 7.273 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred overnight at 80° C. The mixture was extracted with DCM (30 mL×2) and the organic phase was dried with Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatography to give the title compound (550 mg, yield 50%).

Example 138 N-(2-(3-(2-methoxyethoxyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.2243 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) and H₂O (0.3 ml) was added Na₂CO₃ (47.54 mg, 0.4485 mmol), (Boc)₂O (93.29 mg, 0.4485 mmol) and 2-(3-(2-methoxyethoxyl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (124.76 mg, 0.4485 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was degassed by budding nitrogen through the solution, then Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (15.07 mg, 0.02243 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated under microwave irradiation for 20 minutes at 110° C. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatograph on silica gel (DCM:MeOH=50:1) to give the title compound (40 mg, yield 49%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.01 (s, 1H), 9.61 (s, 1H), 8.32 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.01-7.91 (m, 3H), 7.55-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.04 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (b, 2H), 3.68 (b, 2H); m/e 362 (M+H)⁺.

Example 139 tert-butyl 1H-indazol-5-yl(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.2243 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) and H₂O (0.3 ml) were added Na₂CO₃ (47.54 mg, 0.4485 mmol), (Boc)₂O (93.29 mg, 0.4485 mmol) and (3-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid (68.17 mg, 0.4485 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was degassed by budding nitrogen through the solution, then Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (15.07 mg, 0.02243 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated under microwave irradiation for 20 min at 110° C. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatograph on silica gel to give the title compound (80 mg, yield 85%).

Example 140 N-(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 1H-indazol-5-yl(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate (1 g, 2.39 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added TFA (10 ml) at room temperature and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Then the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by pre_HPLC to give the title compound (200 mg, yield 26%) as white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.05 (s, 1H), 10.02 (s, 1H), 8.32 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.89-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.09 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H); m/e 318 (M+H)⁺.

Example 141 4-(2-(3-bromophenoxy)ethyl)morpholine

To a solution of 3-bromophenol (7.8 g, 45.2 mmol) in DMF (120 mL) was added 4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine (8.54 g, 45.2 mmol), K₂CO₃ (414 mg, 3 mmol) and KI (7.5 mg, 45.2 mmol), and the resulting mixture was heated at 20° C. and stirred for 16 hrs. It was quenched with water, extracted with EtOAc (200 mL×3), and the extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated, and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel column (eluted with DCM:MeOH=100:1 to 20:1) to give compound the title compound (7 g, yield 54%) as a red liquid.

Example 142 4-(2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)morpholine

A mixture of compound 4-(2-(3-bromophenoxy)ethyl)morpholine (1.1 g, 3.8 mmol), BIPN (1.47 mg, 5.8 mmol), KOAc (0.83 mg, 8.5 mmol) and Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (0.28 mg, 0.38 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 16 hrs under N₂ atmosphere. Then it was concentrated and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel column (eluted with DCM:MeOH=100:1 to 20:1) to give compound the title compound (1 g, yield 78%) as a light red oil.

Example 143 tert-butyl 1H-indazol-5-yl(2-(3-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate

A mixture of compound 4-(2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)morpholine (1 g, 3.2 mmol), compound tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (670 mg, 1.5 mmol), K₂CO₃ (414 mg, 3 mmol) and Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (109 mg, 0.15 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) and H₂O (5 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 16 hrs under N₂ atmosphere. Then it was concentrated and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel column (eluted with DCM:MeOH=100:1 to 20:1) to give the tile compound (380 mg, yield 50%) as a light red oil.

Example 144 N-(2-(3-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

To a solution of compound tert-butyl 1H-indazol-5-yl(2-(3-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)carbamate (380 mg, 0.75 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (5 mL), and the resulting solution was stirred at 20° C. for 3 hrs. It was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in DCM/MeOH (10:1, 100 mL), washed with aqueous K₂CO₃ and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel column (eluted with DCM:MeOH=80:1 to 15:1) and recrystallized from EtOAc and PE to afford the tile compound (120 mg, yield 39%) as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.04 (s, 1H), 9.65 (s, 1H), 8.36 (m, 3H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.57-7.38 (m, 3H), 7.06 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (s, 4H), 2.73 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (s, 4H); m/e 417 (M+H)⁺.

Example 145 tert-butyl 5-((2-(3-acetylphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.22 mmol), 3-acetylphenyl)boronic acid (73.7 mg, 0.44 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (47.6 mg, 0.44 mmol), (Boc)₂O (98 mg, 0.44 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)Cl₂ (16 mg, 0.022 mmol) in EtOH:H₂O (3.3 mL, 10:1) was heated under microwave irradiation for 20 min at 110° C. After reaction, it was evaporated, EA and water was added, separated the organic layer, washed with saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and purified by silica gel to give the title compound (64 mg, yield 67%).

Example 146 tert-butyl 5-((2-(3-(1-aminoethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 5-((2-(3-acetylphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.2 mmol), AcONH₄ (924 mg, 12 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added NaBH₃CN (91 mg, 1.44 mmol), the mixture was stirred 6 hrs at reflux. After reaction, it was evaporated, diluted with water, filtered to give the title compound as a white solid (300 mg, crude).

Example 147 N-(2-(3-(1-aminoethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

A solution of tert-butyl 5-((2-(3-(1-aminoethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (300 mg, crude) in HCl/MeOH (20 mL) was stirred at 40° C. for 6 h. After reaction, it was evaporated, then water was added, adjusted the PH to 9 with saturated Na₂CO₃, filtered to give the crude product, which was purified by Pre-HPLC to provide the title compound (100 mg) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.03 (s, 1H), 9.65 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 8.18 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.40 (m, 4H), 6.67 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.12-4.07 (m, 1H), 2.08 (b, 2H), 1.31 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H); m/e 331 (M+H)⁺.

Example 148 tert-butyl 5-((2-(4-acetylphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (1.5 g, crude), (4-acetylphenyl)boronic acid (1.12 g, 6.8 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (721 mg, 6.8 mmol), (Boc)₂O (1.48 g, 6.8 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)Cl₂ (239 mg, 0.34 mmol) in EtOH:H₂O (16.5 mL, 10:1) was heated under microwave irradiation for 20 min at 110° C. After reaction, it was evaporated, EA and water was added, separated the organic layer, washed with saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to give the title compound (2.6 g, crude).

Example 149 tert-butyl 5-((2-(4-(1-aminoethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 5-((2-(4-acetylphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (2.6 g, 6.1 mmol), AcONH₄ (4.7 g, 61 mmol) in MeOH (60 mL) was added NaBH₃CN (461 mg, 7.32 mmol), the mixture was stirred for 10 h at reflux. After reaction, the solvent was evaporated, then water was added, filtered to give the title compound (2.1 g, crude).

Example 150 N-(2-(4-(1-aminoethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

A solution of tert-butyl 5-((2-(4-(1-aminoethyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (2.1 g, crude) in HCl/MeOH (60 mL) was stirred at 40° C. for 6 h. After reaction, the solvent was evaporated, then water was added, adjusted the pH to 9 with saturated Na₂CO₃, filtered to give the crude product, which was purified by Pre-HPLC to give the title compound (113.5 mg) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.02 (s, 1H), 9.58 (s, 1H), 8.34-8.27 (m, 4H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.56 (s, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.05-4.03 (m, 1H), 1.27 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H); m/e 331 (M+H)⁺.

Example 151 2-(3-(2,2-diethoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

To a mixture of compound 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol (550 mg, 2.5 mmol), 2-bromo-1,1-diethoxyethane (985 mg, 5 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2.43 g, 7.5 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was added KI (106 mg, 1 mmol), then the mixture was stirred overnight at 110° C. After reaction, water was added, then extracted with EA, washed with saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to give the title compound (360 mg, crude) as a light yellow oil.

Example 152 tert-butyl 5-((2-(3-(2,2-diethoxyethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of 2-(3-(2,2-diethoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (100 mg, crude), tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (70 mg, 0.15 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (65 mg, 0.6 mmol), (Boc)₂O (130 m g, 0.6 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)Cl₂ (20 mg, 0.03 mmol) in EtOH:H₂O (4.4 mL, 10:1) was heated under microwave irradiation for 20 min at 110° C. After reaction, it was evaporated, EA and water was added, separated the organic layer, washed with saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and purified by Pre-TLC to give the title compound (30 mg).

Example 153 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetaldehyde

To a solution of tert-butyl 5-((2-(3-(2,2-diethoxyethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (510 mg, 0.98 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise 3M HCl (10 mL), then the mixture was stirred at reflux for 7 h. After reaction, it was evaporated, then water was added, adjusted the pH to 9 with saturated Na₂CO₃, filtered to give the title compound (420 mg, crude).

Example 154 N-(2-(3-(2-(isopropylamino)ethoxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

To a stirred solution of 2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetaldehyde (420 mg, crude), isopropylamine (245 mg, 4.16 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) was added NaBH₃CN (131 mg, 2.08 mmol), the mixture was stirred 7 h at reflux. After reaction, it was evaporated and purified by Pre-HPLC to give the title compound (90 mg) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.02 (s, 1H), 9.65 (s, 1H), 8.34 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 2H), 7.57-7.38 (m, 3H), 7.05 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.106-4.079 (m, 1H), 2.91 (s, 2H), 2.80-2.77 (m, 1H), 1.61 (b, 1H), 1.00 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H); m/e 389 (M+H)⁺.

Example 155 N-(2,6-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

To a stirred solution of 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine (5.5 g, 30 mmol) in EtOH (100 mL) were added TEA (1.5 g, 45 mmol) and compound 1H-indazol-5-amine (3.99 g, 30 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was refluxed overnight. After removing the solvent the residue was re-crystalized in MeOH to give the title compound as a solid (3.4 g, yield 40%).

Example 156 tert-butyl 4-(6-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate

To a stirred solution of N-(2,6-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (1 g, 3.5 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) was added TEA (1.4 g, 7 mmol), and compound tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (0.67 g, 3.5 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was refluxed overnight. After reaction, water was added, separated the organic layer and saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (1.2 g) which was used directly for next step reaction without further purification.

Example 157 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(6-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-(6-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (1.2 g, crude) in DCM (10 mL) was added (Boc)₂O (3 g, 14 mmol), TEA (1.4 g, 14 mmol) and DMAP (0.5 g, 3.5 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. After reaction, water was added, separated the organic layer, washed with citric acid monohydrate and saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatograph on silica gel to give the title compound (0.6 g).

Example 158 tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(6-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(6-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (600 mg, 0.95 mmol), (3-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid (160 mg, 1.05 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (201 mg, 1.9 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (70 mg, 0.095 mmol) in dioxane:H₂O (6.6 mL, 10:1) was heated under microwave irradiation for 20 min at 140° C. After reaction, it was evaporated, EA and water was added, separated the organic layer, washed with saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and purified by silica gel to give the title compound (250 mg, yield 37.5%).

Example 159 N-(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

To a solution of tert-butyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(6-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate (250 mg) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. it was evaporated, then water was added, adjusted the pH to 9 with saturated Na₂CO₃, filtered to give the title compound (115 mg, yield 80%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.98 (s, 1H), 9.30 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.37 (m, 6H), 7.03 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.73 (b, 4H), 3.39 (s, 1H), 2.71 (b, 4H); m/e 402 (M+H)⁺.

Example 160 N-(2-chloro-6-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

To a stirred solution of N-(2,6-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (2 g, 7 mmol) in EtOH (20 mL) was added TEA (2.8 g, 7 mmol), and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (0.64 g, 7 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was refluxed overnight. After reaction, water was added, separated the organic layer and saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (1.5 g). The residue was used into next step.

Example 161 N-(6-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine

A mixture of N-(2-chloro-6-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine (1.5 g, 4.5 mmol), (3-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid (661 mg, 5 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (954 mg, 9 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (300 mg, 0.45 mmol) in dioxane:H₂O (22 mL, 10:1) was heated under microwave irradiation for 30 min at 140° C. After reaction, it was evaporated, EA and water was added, separated the organic layer, washed with saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated which was purified by Pre-HPLC to give the title compound as white solid (125 mg). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.00 (s, 1H), 9.67 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.41 (m, 5H), 7.08-6.86 (m, 2H), 4.46-4.43 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 2.66-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.22 (s, 6H); m/e 405 (M+H)⁺.

Example 162

The following compounds were synthesized using the procedures described above:

TABLE 1 Example calc Observed No. Structure Formula M + H M + H 163

C₂₂H₂₀N₆O₂ 401 401 164

C₂₃H₂₄N₆O₂ 417 417 165

C₂₃H₂₂N₆O₂ 415 415 166

C₂₄H₂₀N₈O₂ 453 453 167

C₂₅H₂₆N₆O₂ 443 443 168

C₂₃H₂₁F₃N₆O₂ 471 471 169

C₂₃H₂₁F₃N₆O₂ 471 471 170

C₂₃H₂₂N₆O₂ 415 415 171

C₂₄H₂₄N₆O₂ 429 429 172

C₂₄H₂₆N₆O₂ 431 431 173

C₂₅H₂₆N₆O₂ 443 443 174

C₂₃H₂₃N₇O₂ 430 430 175

C₂₃H₂₂N₆O₃ 431 431 176

C₂₃H₁₇N₇O 408 408 177

C₂₂H₂₀N₆O₂ 401 401 178

C₂₂H₂₁N₇O₂ 416 416 179

C₂₃H₂₂N₆O₂ 415 415 180

C₂₄H₂₅N₇O 428 428

Example 181 ROCK1 and ROCK2 Compound Selectivity

Dose response curves for Rho-kinase inhibition were derived from a Millipore immuno-based 96 well plate assay (Millipore catalog number CSA001). Purified active ROCK1 and ROCK2 were obtained from Invitrogen (catalog numbers ROCKI, PV3691 and ROCK2, PV3759). The kit components include assay plates, which are pre-coated with recombinant MYPT1, which contains a specifically phosphorylatable Thr696. The inhibitory activities of compounds are measured according to the manufactures protocol. Briefly, decreasing concentrations of test compounds or the known ROCK inhibitor Y-27963, are added, from 50 uM to 0.003 uM to reaction buffer containing 5 mM MgCl2, and 10 mUnits of ROCK1 or ROCK2 in assay dilution buffer. This mixture is overlayed into the 96 well plate and the reaction is initiated with the addition of 2.5 uM ATP. The assay proceeds at 30° Celsius for 30 minutes with gentle shaking at 120 rpm. The assay is terminated by washing of the plate 3 times with Tris-buffered saline and tween wash buffer. Anti-phospho-MYPT1 (Thr696) antibody is added to each well to detect the phosphorylated substrate and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature after which HRP conjugated anti-rabbit IgG secondary is added for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing the assay is developed using a substrate reagent and the absorbance is read at 450 nm on a Tecan Infinite M1000 reflecting the relative remaining ROCK phosphorylation activity.

Data showing inhibition of ROCK1 and ROCK2, and selectivity of certain compounds for ROCK2 inhibition, is presented in Table 1.

TABLE 1 IC₅₀ and Ki for ROCK1 and ROCK2 ROCK1 IC₅₀ ROCK2 IC₅₀ ROCK1 Ki ROCK2 Ki Compound (μM) (μM) (μM) (μM) Ex. 12 1.77 0.54 0.07 0.02 Ex. 26 53.45 0.72 2.01 0.03 Ex. 28 6.69 1.96 0.26 0.08 SLx-2119 13.11 1.02 0.50 0.04 Y-27263 1.13 1.63 0.04 0.06 Ex. 14 4.25 0.17 Ex. 48 0.33 0.47 0.01 0.02 Ex. 13 22.53 4.64 0.87 0.18 Dose response curves for inhibition of ROCK1 vs ROCK2 are shown in FIG. 5.

Example 182 ROCK1 and ROCK2 Compound Selectivity

Dose response curves for Rho-kinase inhibition were derived from a Invitrogen Z′-LYTE™ Kinase Assay Kit (Invitrogen catalog number PV3793). Purified active ROCK1 and ROCK2 were obtained from Invitrogen (catalog numbers ROCK1, PV3691 and ROCK2, PV3759). The kit components include a coumarin and fluorescein labeled peptide based on myosin light chain 2 (KKRPQRRYSNVF), a proprietary protease containing development reagent and a proprietary Stop buffer used to terminate the development reaction. The inhibitory activities of compounds are measured according to the manufactures protocol. Briefly, decreasing concentrations of test compounds or the known ROCK inhibitor Y-27963, are added, from 10 uM to 2.56×10⁻⁵ uM to reaction buffer containing 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl₂, 5 mM EGTA, and 0.05% Brij-35 and of ROCK1 at 0.18 ug/mL or ROCK2 at 0.8 ug/mL in assay dilution buffer. This mixture is overlayed into a white 96-well half area plate and the reaction is initiated with the addition of 5 uM ATP for ROCK1 or 12 uM ATP for ROCK2. The assay proceeds at room temperature for 1 hour followed by the addition of development reagent, and further incubation for 1 hour at room temperature. STOP reagent is then added and the reaction and immediately the coumarin and fluorescein emission signals are read on a Tecan Infinite M1000 fluorescence plate reader (excitation: 400 nm; emission 445 and 520 nm, respectively). By comparing the emission ratios of the test samples against control samples, percent phosphorylation values are calculated and the concentration of inhibitor that produces ½ inhibition of kinase activity (IC₅₀) is determined using Prism. Table 2 provides IC₅₀ concentrations for compounds of the above examples. Several of the compounds also demonstrated activity in a preliminary assay that measured inhibition of myosin light chain phosphorylation (pMLC). For compounds marked ND, activity was not determinable under the test conditions employed.

TABLE 2 ROCK Inhibition Ex. ROCK2 ROCK1 pMLC Ex. ROCK2 ROCK1 pMLC No. IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) inhibition No. IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) inhibition 14 + 91 + 12 ND 75 ND 43 ++ 79 + 48 1000 300 ++ 95 ND 38 + 110 52 82 56 ND 86 126 ND 98 112 ND 83 114 ND 87 60 ND 99 74 ND 106 60 ND 102 65 ND 5 70 >3000 71 + 26 30 3500 117 + 163 80 5900 118 40 6600 + 164 60 5000 119 + 165 50 1700 120 166 20 2200 121 + 28 70 2500 122 ND 167 60 3400 123 ND 168 30 >10000 124 + 169 >10000 >10000 125 + 170 70 4100 127 ++ 171 80 7500 129 + 172 120 >10000 131 + 173 30 >10000 134 + 174 191 2800 136 + 17 30 1200 138 + 175 500 140 + 176 13 3500 144 + 177 4900 >10000 147 >5500 >2000 178 700 4400 150 1000 >3000 179 310 2400 154 40 >10000 22 340 10000 159 200 100 ++ 180 380 >10000 161 3200 1000 20 400 >10000

Example 183 ROCK2 Selective Inhibitor, KD025, Inhibits IL-17/IL-21 Secretion and Proliferation in human CD4⁺ T cells in vitro

Activation of resting T cells, resulting in cytokine secretion and proliferation, involves two distinct signals from antigen-presenting cells (APCs), mimicked by co-stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex and the CD28 receptor. Using freshly purified CD4⁺ human T cells and stimulatory antibodies against CD3 and CD28 to stimulate IL-17 and IL-21 secretion in response to TCR activation, it was found that the treatment with ROCK2 selective inhibitor, KD025, significantly inhibited IL-17 and IL-21 secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Under the same conditions, the inhibition of IFN-γ secretion was less robust and significant only at high dose (10 μM) of the inhibitor (FIG. 7A). Similarly, any inhibition of IL-2 secretion was observed only at the highest concentration (10 μM) of KD025. Consistent with the inhibitory effect on cytokine secretion, the treatment of T cells with KD025 down-regulated their ability to proliferate in response to TCR stimulation in vitro (FIG. 7B).

Example 184 ROCK2 siRNA, but not ROCK1 siRNA Inhibits, IL-17 and IL-21 Secretion

To confirm the role of ROCK2 in regulation of IL-17 and IL-21 secretion in human T cells we specifically silenced ROCK1 and ROCK2 expression by RNA interference. Specific ROCK1 and ROCK2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the protein expression levels by 72% and 84% respectively. Silencing of ROCK2, but not of ROCK1 significantly reduced the IL-17 and IL-21, with minimal effect on IFN-γ secretion in human T cells (FIG. 8).

Example 185 KD025 inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation

STAT3 plays a critical role in Th17 differentiation via regulation of RORγt expression and direct binding to the IL-17 and IL-21 promoters. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that RhoA-dependent STAT3 stimulation requires ROCK activity and leads to activation of STAT3 phosphorylation on amino acid Y705. Using two different experimental designs, KD025 was demonstrated to significantly down-regulates the phosphorylation of STAT3. In one experiment, T cells were pre-treated with KD025 and then stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Pre-treatment with KD025 resulted in reduced phosphorylation of STAT3 (FIG. 9A). In a different experiment, cells were cultured under Th17-skewing conditions for 5 days and then treated with the ROCK2 selective inhibitor for 3 hours. STAT3 phosphorylation was reduced by treatment with the ROCK2 inhibitor (FIG. 9B). In a separate experiment, reduced phosphorylation of STAT3, as well as IFR4 and RORγT, was confirmed (FIG. 9C).

Example 186 KD025 Down-Regulates IL-17, IL-21 and IFN-γ Secretion and Reduces the Increased Frequency of IFN-γ and IL-17-Expressing Cells in CD4⁺ T Cells from RA Patients

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease leading to the destruction of joint architecture. The pathogenic events that involved in RA development are not fully understood, although the pivotal role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-β, IL-6 and more recent IL-17 in the induction and maintenance of RA pathogenesis is well documented. Moreover, the frequency of Th17 cells in peripheral blood of RA patients is significantly increased compared to healthy controls and correlates with disease activity score (DAS).

CD4⁺ T cells were purified from peripheral blood of RA patients at different stages of the disease or from healthy controls and stimulated using anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies in presence of KD025 ex vivo. In CD4⁺ T cells, the ROCK2 selective inhibitor significantly down-regulated secretion of IL-17, IL-21 and IFN-γ in response to TCR stimulation in a STAT3-dependent manner (FIG. 10A). In contrast to healthy controls, the degree of inhibition of IFN-γ secretion was comparable to inhibition levels of IL-17 and IL-21. Among RA patients, inhibition of IFN-γ production was correlated with disease activity score (DAS). (FIG. 10B). Culture of CD4⁺ T cells from 2 different RA patients in presence of KD025 significantly reduced the frequencies of both IL-17 and IFN-γ-producing cells as was demonstrated by intracellular staining (FIG. 10C).

Example 187 KD025 Up-Regulates STAT-5 Phosphorylation

The presence of cytokines IL-6, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-23 and antigen stimulation of CD4⁺ T cells leads to induction of IL-17 and IL-21 secretion and development of Th17 effector subset. At the same time, the development and function of Tregs are inhibited. To determine the effect of ROCK2 inhibition on Tregs, freshly purified human CD4⁺ T cells were activated using stimulatory antibodies against CD3/CD28 (5 μg/ml), TGF-β (5 ng/ml) and IL-1β (50 ng/ml) for 2 days in presence of 0 μM, 0.5 μM, 1 μM, and 2.5 μM concentrations of the selective ROCK2 inhibitor KD025. Western Blot analysis indicates that treatment with KD025 significantly up-regulates phosphorylation of STAT5 on site Y694 in a dose-dependent manner. (FIG. 11). Thus, ROCK2 inhibition down-regulates STAT3 phosphorylation while STAT5 phosphorylation is increased in human CD4⁺ T cells that are activated under Th17-skewing conditions.

Example 188 KD025 Increases the Proportion of Foxp3⁺ Cells Among CD4⁺ T Cells

Foxp3 is a lineage-specific transcription factor for Tregs and is crucial to the development and inhibitory function of these cells. STAT5 signaling positively regulates the induction and stabilization of Foxp3 expression in T cells in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of human CD4⁺ T cells with selective ROCK2 inhibitor KD025 significantly increased the percentage of Foxp3⁺ cells after 5 days of Th17 skewing activation in vitro. (FIG. 12).

Example 189 KD025 Up-Regulates Treg Inhibition of IL-17 Secretion in CD4⁺CD25⁻ T Cells

Freshly purified CD4⁺CD25⁺ human Tregs were treated with KD025 for 3 hours, washed, mixed with CD4⁺CD25⁻ effector T cells at ratio 1:4 and 1:9 (Treg:Teff) and activated by using stimulatory antibodies against CD3 and CD28 for 2 days. KD025-mediated ROCK2 inhibition significantly increased the ability of Tregs to suppress IL-17 secretion in CD4⁺CD25⁻ effector T cells. (FIG. 13).

Example 190 KD025 Inhibits TGF-β-Induced STAT3 and MLC Phosphorylation in SMAD2/3-Independent Manner

Selective ROCK2 inhibitor KD025 down-regulates TGF-β-induced STAT3 and MLC phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, but phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 remains intact. (FIG. 14). TGF-β is involved in development and function of both Th17 and Treg subsets of T cells. However, when Tregs are regulated in Smad2/3-dependent signaling mechanism, TGF-β regulates Th17 cells in Smad2/3 independent manner that is considered as non-canonical TGF-β-induced signaling. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that ROCK proteins are involved in Smad-independent TGF-β signaling in cancer cells.

Example 191 Treatment of Patients with KD025 Inhibits Ex Vivo Stimulation of IL-17 and IL-21 Production in Isolated PBMCs

Eight patients were administered 120 mg/day KD025 or placebo on days 1 and 8-14 of the trial. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at the start and end of the trial and stimulated by plating on immobilized anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies for 72 hours, and levels of IL-17, IL-21, and IFN-γ were measured. FIG. 15 shows high levels of IL-17 and IL-21 could be induced in PBMCs isolated at day 1 from six of the subjects. Of those six subjects, five received the ROCK2-selective inhibitor KD025, whereas one received placebo. Induction of IL-17 secretion was significantly inhibited in PBMCs isolated from four of five patients treated with KD025 (FIG. 15B), and induction of IL-21 secretion was significantly inhibited in PBMCs from all five patients treated with KD025 (FIG. 15A). No effect on IFN-γ was observed.

Inhibition of cytokine induction was then determined in twenty two patients administered 40 mg/day, 120 mg/day, 240 mg/day, or 320 mg/day KD025. FIG. 15D-F shows the dose-response relationship for IL-21, IL-17, and IFN-γ secretion, respectively.

Example 192 Anti-VEGFR2 Antibodies

Two neutralizing antibodies, Mab 101 and Mab 102, were identified that bind to human VEGFR2, block binding of the ligand VEGFA to hVEGFR2, and inhibit the VEGFR2 phosphorylation and downstream signal transduction stimulated by VEGFA. Table 3 and FIG. 16 indicate amino acid sequences of the CDRs and variable domains of the antibodies. The K_(d)s of Mab 101 and Mab 102 are about 6.6 mM and 1.7 nM, respectively.

TABLE 3 Antibody Amino Acid Sequences by SEQ ID NO CDR- CDR- CDR- V_(H) CDR- CDR- CDR- V_(L) Mab H1 H2 H3 domain L1 L2 L3 domain 101 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 102 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

The heavy chain of Mab 101 was reshuffled with κ light chain genes (κ-library) and λ light chain genes (X-library). 20 unique λ light chain variants were found by panning the λ-library against both human VEGFR2 and mouse VEGFR2. 22 unique κ light chain variants were found by panning the x-library against both human VEGFR2 and mouse VEGFR2. Table 4 indicates amino acid sequences of the CDRs and variable domains of the light chains. The K_(d)s of Mabs 105, 106, and 107 were improved about 10 fold (0.24 nM, 0.22 nM, and 0.12 nM, respectively).

TABLE 4 κ and λ light chains by SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO light CDR- CDR- CDR- Mab chain L1 L2 L3 V_(L) 103 λ 17 18 19 20 104 λ 21 22 23 24 105 λ 25 26 27 28 106 λ 29 30 31 32 107 λ 33 34 35 36 108 λ 37 38 39 40 109 λ 41 42 43 44 110 λ 45 46 47 48 111 λ 49 50 51 52 112 λ 53 54 55 56 113 λ 57 58 59 60 114 λ 61 62 63 64 115 λ 65 66 67 68 116 λ 69 70 71 72 117 λ 73 74 75 76 118 λ 77 78 79 80 119 λ 81 82 83 84 120 λ 85 86 87 88 121 λ 89 90 91 92 122 λ 93 94 95 96 123 κ 97 98 99 100 124 κ 101 102 103 104 125 κ 105 106 107 108 126 κ 109 110 111 112 127 κ 113 114 115 116 128 κ 117 118 119 120 129 κ 121 122 123 124 130 κ 125 126 127 128 131 κ 129 130 131 132 132 κ 133 134 135 136 133 κ 137 138 139 140 134 κ 141 142 143 144 135 κ 145 146 147 148 136 κ 149 150 151 152 137 κ 153 154 155 156 138 κ 157 158 159 160 139 κ 161 162 163 164 140 κ 165 166 167 168 141 κ 169 170 171 172 142 κ 173 174 175 176 143 κ 177 178 179 180 144 κ 181 182 183 184 

We claim:
 1. A compound of Formula XVI:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R² is selected from H and halo; each R³ and R⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², —NR³¹—(CH₂)_(a)NR³³R³⁴, —NR³¹—(CH₂)_(a)OR³³, aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl); R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl); or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R³³ and R³⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C₁-C₈ alkyl; a is selected from 0 to 6; R⁵ is selected from H and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C₁-C₆ alkyl.
 2. A compound of Formula XVII:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X is selected from the group consisting of —NH—C(═O)—CHR¹³R¹⁴; —NH—C(═O)—(CH₂)_(b)—NR¹³R¹⁴; —C(═O)—NR¹³R¹⁴; R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; each R³ and R⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl); a is selected from 0 to 6; b is selected from 0 to
 1. 3. A compound of Formula XVIII:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R³ and R⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl); a is selected from 0 to 6; R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —C(═O)—O—C(R)₃₃₁, C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; x is selected from 1 to 3; y is selected from 0 to 3; z is selected from 0 to 3; wherein y or z are independently selected and one of which is at least
 1. 4. A compound of Formula XIX:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; Y is selected from the group consisting of S, CH₂, and —CR³¹R³²—; R² is selected from H and halo; each R³ and R⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², —NR³¹—(CH₂)_(a)NR³³R³⁴, —NR³¹—(CH₂)_(a)OR³³, aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl); R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl); or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R³³ and R³⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C₁-C₈ alkyl; a is selected from 0 to
 6. 5. A compound of Formula XX:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl); or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R⁵ is selected from H and C₁-C₆ alkyl.
 6. A compound of Formula XXI:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl); or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; a is selected from 0 to
 6. 7. A compound of Formula XXII:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R³ is H; R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl); or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; a is selected from 0 to
 6. 8. A compound of Formula XXIII:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; x is selected from 0 to 1; R² is selected from the group consisting of cyclohexylpyridine, 1H-pyrazole, and pyridine;

X is selected from N or CR³; Y is selected from N or CR³; Z is selected from N or CR⁴; wherein at least one of X, Y, and Z is N; R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², —NR³¹—(CH₂)_(a)NR³³R³⁴, —NR³¹—(CH₂)_(a)OR³³, aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl); R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl); or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; a is selected from 0 to 6; Q is selected from the group NR⁵ and O; R⁵ is selected from H and C₁-C₆ alkyl.
 9. A compound of Formula XXIV:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹² is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), amino, NR³¹R³², heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; x is selected from 0 to 2; each R³ and R⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl and C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl); or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; a is selected from 1 to
 6. 10. A compound of Formula XXV:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆, alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, —OH, —NH₂, CN and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; x is selected from 0 to 3; R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic ring, and C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl; each R³ and R⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —CN, halo, —OH, —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —NR³¹R³², C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)NR³¹R³², aryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R³¹ and R³² are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, and —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl); or R³¹ and R³² may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo and C₁-C₆ alkyl; a is selected from 1 to
 6. 11. A method of treating an autoimmune disorder in a subject comprising: administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound that inhibits ROCK2.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the autoimmune disorder is rheumatoid arthritis, (multiple sclerosis), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; lupus), psoriasis, Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis, eczema, or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the compound that inhibits ROCK2 is a compound of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ is selected from the group consisting of —O—(CH₂)_(y)—CO₂R¹², —O—(CH₂)_(y)—C(═O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —O—(CH₂)-heteroaryl, —O—(CH₂)-cycloalkyl, —O—C(═O)—(CH₂)_(y)—NR¹³R¹⁴, —O—(CH₂)_(z)-NR¹³R¹⁴, —NH—C(═O)—(CH₂)—NR¹³R¹⁴, —NH—C(═O)—X—R⁵, —NH—(CH₂)_(y)—NR¹³R¹⁴; R¹² is selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted at one or more carbon atoms by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; X is selected from a covalent bond, O, NH, and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl, or R¹⁵ is selected from —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —CO₂R¹⁸, —O—(CH₂)_(x)-CO₂R¹⁸, and —C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷; R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R¹⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoroalkyl; x is selected from 0 to 6; y is selected from 0 to 6; z is selected from 2 to 6; each R² is independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, CN, halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, and perfluoro lower alkyl; each R³ is independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, CN, halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, amino, and perfluoro lower alkyl; R⁴ is selected from H, —(CH₂)_(a)—NR⁴³R⁴⁴, —Y—R⁴², —O—(CH₂)_(a)—CO₂R⁴², —O—(CH₂)_(a)—C(═O)NR⁴³R⁴⁴, —O—(CH₂)_(a)-heteroaryl, —O—(CH₂)_(a)-cycloalkyl, —O—C(═O)—(CH₂)_(a)—NR⁴³R⁴⁴, —O—(CH₂)_(c)—NR⁴³R⁴⁴, —NH—C(═O)—(CH₂)_(a)—NR⁴³R⁴⁴, —NH—C(═O)—Y—R⁴⁵, —NH—C(═O)—(CH₂)_(a)—NR⁴³R⁴⁴; R⁴² is selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-C(═O)NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), each of which may be optionally substituted at one or more carbon atoms by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R⁴³ and R⁴⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-C(═O)NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R⁴³ and R⁴⁴ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; Y is selected from a covalent bond, O, NH, and C₁-C₆ alkyl; R⁴⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷, —CO₂R⁴⁸, —O—(CH₂)_(b)—CO₂R⁴⁸, and —C(═O)NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷, R⁴⁶ and R⁴⁷ independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R⁴⁶ and R⁴⁷ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R⁴⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁴⁶R⁴⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoroalkyl; a is selected from 0 to 6; b is selected from 0 to 6; c is selected from 2 to 6; R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(CH₂)_(d)—C(═O)—NR⁵³R⁵⁴, —C(═O)—(CH₂)_(d)—NR⁵³R⁵⁴, —C(═O)—X—R⁵⁵, and —C(═O)—(CH₂)_(d)—NR⁵³R⁵⁴; R⁵³ and R⁵⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁵⁶R⁵⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-C(═O)NR⁵⁶R⁵⁷, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R⁵³ and R⁵⁴ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R⁵⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁵⁶R⁵⁷, —CO₂R⁵⁸, —O—(CH₂)_(e)—CO₂R⁵⁸, and —C(═O)NR⁵⁶R⁵⁷, R⁵⁶ and R⁵⁷ independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R⁵⁶ and R⁵⁷ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R⁵⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁵⁶R⁵⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoroalkyl; d is selected from 0 to 6; e is selected from 0 to 6; R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(CH₂)_(r)—C(═O)—NR⁶³R⁶⁴, —C(═O)—(CH₂)_(r)—NR⁶³R⁶⁴, —C(═O)—X—R⁶⁵, and —C(═O)—(CH₂)_(r)—NR⁶³R⁶⁴; R⁶³ and R⁶⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁶⁶R⁶⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-C(═O)NR⁶⁶R⁶⁷, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R⁶³ and R⁶⁴ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R⁶⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁶⁶R⁶⁷, —CO₂R⁶⁸, —O—(CH₂)_(s)—CO₂R⁶⁸, and —C(═O)NR⁶⁶R⁶⁷, R⁶⁶ and R⁶⁷ independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 3 heteroatoms, each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; or R⁶⁶ and R⁶⁷ may be taken together to form a three to twelve membered heterocyclic ring having up to 3 heteroatoms which is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoro alkyl; R⁶⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-NR⁶⁶R⁶⁷, —(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₆ alkyl), each of which may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, cyano and C₁-C₃ perfluoroalkyl; r is selected from 0 to 6; s is selected from 0 to 6; n is selected from 0 to 4; m is selected from 0 to 3; and p is selected from 0 and
 1. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the compound that inhibits ROCK2 is a compound of the formula 